Аммоний персульфа химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in
the production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane,
rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents
and hair bleaches. Ammonium persulfate is used
as a hair bleaching agent. It may induce irritant
dermatitis, contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis
and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
Химические свойства
Ammonium persulfate is a colorless or white
crystalline solid.
Использование
Ammonium Persulfate is a bleaching agent for food starch that is
used up to 0.075% and with sulfur dioxide up to 0.05%.
Общее описание
A white crystalline solid. A strong oxidizing agent. Does not burn readily, but may cause spontaneous ignition of organic materials. Used as a bleaching agent and as a food preservative.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Soluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
Ammonium persulfate is a potent oxidizing agent. A powdered mixture with aluminum and water can explode [NFPA 491M 1991]. A mixture with sodium peroxide will explode if subjected to friction (crushing in a mortar), heating, or if a stream of carbon dioxide is passed over Ammonium persulfate [Mellor 10:464 1946-47]. Acidic solutions dissolve iron violently, [Mellor, 1947, Vol. 10, 470].
Опасность
Fire risk in contact with reducers.
Угроза здоровью
Inhalation produces slight toxic effects. Contact with dust irritates eyes and causes skin rash.
Контактные аллергены
Persulfates are strong oxidizing agents widely used in the
production of metals, textiles, photographs, cellophane,
rubber, adhesive papers, foods, soaps, detergents, and
hair bleaches. Ammonium persulfate is used as a hair
bleaching agent. It may induce irritant dermatitis, (mainly)
nonimmunologic contact urticaria, and allergic contact
dermatitis and represents a major allergen in hairdressers.
People reacting to ammonium persulfate also react to
other persulfates such as potassium persulfate.
Профиль безопасности
Poison by intravenous
and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic
by ingestion. A powerful oxidizer that can
react vigorously with reducing agents.
Releases oxygen when heated. Mxtures with
sodium peroxide are explosives sensitive to
friction, heating above 75℃, or contact with
CO2 or water. Mixtures with (powdered
aluminum + water) or (zinc + ammonia) are
explosive. Violent reaction with iron or
solutions of ammonia + silver salts. Solution
with sulfuric acid is a strong oxidzing
cleaning solution. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO,,
NH3, and NOx.
Возможный контакт
It is used as a bleaching agent, in photographic
chemicals, and to make dyes. It is also used as an
ingredient of polymerization catalysts.
Перевозки
UN1444 Ammonium persulfate, Hazard Class:
5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer
Методы очистки
Recrystallise it at room temperature from EtOH/water. It gradually loses NH3 on exposure to air. Its solubility is 0.5g/mL at 20o, and 2g/mL at 100o.
Несовместимости
Decomposes in water and moist air,
forming oxygen gas. A strong oxidizer; reacts with reducing
agents; organic and combustible materials. Incompatible with heat, sodium peroxide (produces a friction-, heat-, and
water-sensitive explosive); aluminum powder.
Утилизация отходов
May be treated with large
volumes of water, neutralized and flushed to sewer. This
applies to small quantities only.
Аммоний персульфа препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат