14-3-3ζ Participates in the Phase Separation of Phosphorylated and Glycated Tau and Modulates the Physiological and Pathological Functions of Tau

Abstract

Tau plays a major role in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and several other neurodegenerative diseases. Tau undergoing liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) performs specific physiological functions, induces pathological processes, and contributes to neurodegeneration. Regulating Tau phase separation helps maintain physiological functions of Tau and inhibits pathological aggregation. Here, we show that the 14-3-3 zeta isoform (14-3-3ζ) participates in Tau LLPS. 14-3-3ζ can undergo co-phase separation with WT Tau, participate in and stabilize Tau droplets, and inhibit Tau droplet-driven tubulin assembly. On the other hand, 14-3-3ζ disrupts the LLPS of phosphorylated and glycated Tau, thereby inhibiting the amyloid aggregation initiated by LLPS.