Ammoniumsulfat Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R10:Entzündlich.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Beschreibung
Ammonium sulfate was the first
nitrogenous fertilizer made by the Haber-Bosch process,
produced by the reaction of ammonia with sulfuric acid. In
contrast with the nitrate salt, it is chemically stable, not
highly hygroscopic. It also supplies supplemental sulfur to
soils that may be deficient in this element, but this is of
minor value when it is used on soils receiving applications
of ordinary superphosphate.
The disadvantages of the
material are its relatively low nitrogen content, which
increases storage and transportation costs, and its marked
tendency to cause soil acidification, which is greater than
that of any other nitrogen fertilizer material.
Chemische Eigenschaften
White crystalline powder
Physikalische Eigenschaften
White crystalline solid; orthorhombic crystal; density 1.769 g/cm
3 at 20°C; melts between 511 to 515°C (in a closed system): however, in an open system, it melts with decomposition at 280°C; readily dissolves in water (solubility, 70.6 g and 104 g per 100 g water at 0°C and 100°C, respectively); insoluble in acetone, alcohol and ether.
Occurrence
Ammonium sulfate occurs in trace concentrations in the upper atmosphere. It is widely used as a fertilizer for rice and other crops. It is a source of sulfur for the soil. It is also used as an additive to supply nutrient nitrogen in fermentation processes (e.g., yeast production from molasses). It also is used for fireproofing timber and plastics, and in treatment of hides, and leather production.
Verwenden
Ammonium Sulfate is a dough conditioner, firming agent, and pro-
cessing aid which is readily soluble in water with a solubility of
approximately 70 g in 100 g of water at 0°c. the ph of a 0.1 molar
solution in water is approximately 5.5. it is used in caramel produc-
tion and as a source of nitrogen for yeast fermentation. in bakery
products, up to 0.25 part per 100 parts by weight of flour is used.
Definition
ammonium sulphate: A whiterhombic solid, (NH
4)
2SO
4; r.d. 1.77;decomposes at 235°C. It is very solublein water and insoluble in ethanol.It occurs naturally as the mineralmascagnite. Ammonium sulphatewas formerly manufactured from the‘ammoniacal liquors’ produced duringcoal-gas manufacture but is nowproduced by the direct reaction betweenammonia gas and sulphuricacid. It is decomposed by heating torelease ammonia (and ammoniumhydrogensulphate) and eventuallywater, sulphur dioxide, and ammonia.Vast quantities of ammoniumsulphate are used as fertilizers.
Vorbereitung Methode
Ammonium sulfate is a high-tonnage industrial chemical, but frequently may be considered a byproduct as well as intended end-product of manufacture. A significant commercial source of (NH4)2SO4 is its creation as a byproduct in the manufacture of caprolactam, which yields several tons of the compound per ton of caprolactam made. Ammonium sulfate also is a byproduct of coke oven operations where the excess NH3 formed is neutralized with H2SO4 to form (NH4)2SO4. In the Meresburg reaction, natural or byproduct gypsum is reacted with ammonium carbonate: CaSO4·2H2O + (NH4)2CO3 CaCO3 + (NH4)2SO4 +2 H2O The product is stable, free-flowing crystals. As a fertilizer, (NH4)2SO4 has the advantage of adding sulfur to the soil as well as nitrogen. By weight, the compound contains 21% N and 24% S. Ammonium sulfate also is used in electric dry cell batteries, as a soldering liquid, as a fire retardant for fabrics and other products, and as a source of certain ammonium chemicals.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
White odorless solid. Sinks and dissolves in water.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Dissolves in water with evolution of some heat.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Ammonium sulfate is acidic in aqueous solution. When a little Ammonium sulfate is added to fused potassium nitrite, a vigorous reaction occurs attended by flame [Mellor 2:702 1946-47].
Sicherheitsprofil
Moderately toxic by
several routes. Human systemic effects by
ingestion: hypermotility, diarrhea, nausea or
vomiting. See also SULFATES.
Incandescent reaction on heating with
potassium chlorate. Reaction with sodmm
hypochlorite gves the unstable explosive
nitrogen trichloride. Incompatible with (K +
NH4NO3), KNO2, (NaK + NH4NO3).
When heated to decomposition it emits very
toxic fumes of NOx, NH3, and SOx.
läuterung methode
Crystallise it twice from hot water containing 0.2% EDTA to remove metal ions, then finally from distilled water. Dry it in a desiccator for 2 weeks over Mg(ClO4)2. After 3 recrystallisations, ACS grade had Ti, K, Fe, Na at 11, 4.4, 4.4, 3.2 ppm respectively.
Ammoniumsulfat Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
Thymosin α1
Compound fertilizer
Aluminium potassium sulfate dodecahydrate
Lipase, Triacylglycerin-
Neomycin, Sulfat (Salz)
Aldolase, Fructose-, Diphosphat
PHASEOLUS VULGARIS AGGLUTININ
Nitrogen phosphorus potassium mixed fertilizer
L-Isoleucin
Lysozym
Ethyl 3-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)propionate
Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid
PKC-GAMMA
2-AMINO-3-CYANO-4-CHLORO-5-FORMYLTHIOPHENE
Aminoacylase
Nuclease, Ribo-
Preussisch Blau
Chymotrypsin
Amylase, α-
Lincomycin hydrochloride monohydrate
Lysinhydrochlorid
Diammoniumeisenbis(sulfat)
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Bromelain
Ammoniumdihydrogenorthophosphat
Zirconiumdicarbonat
Aluminium ammonium sulfate dodecahydrate
L-Lysinhydrochlorid
Peroxidase
Gonadotropin, chorionisch
Diammoniumnickelbis(sulfat)
Aluminiumammoniumbis(sulfat)
3-Bromo-2-(bromomethyl)propionic acid
Natrium-[2S-(2α,5α,6β)]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-6-(phenylacetamido)-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-carboxylat
Catalase
(S)-(+)-2-HYDROXY-3-METHYLBUTYRIC ACID
Dehydrogenase, Alkohol
Kinase (phosphorylierend), Pyruvat
Ammoniumeisenbis(sulfat)
Diammoniummagnesiumbis(sulfat)
