Zitronensure

Citric acid Struktur
77-92-9
CAS-Nr.
77-92-9
Bezeichnung:
Zitronensure
Englisch Name:
Citric acid
Synonyma:
Citric acid anhydrous;Anhydrous citric acid;BETZ 6251;acid citric;citric acid solution;Citric acid Anhydrate;Citro;CheMfill;Citric acid anhydrou;BUFFER CONCENTRATE, PH 4.00
CBNumber:
CB9854361
Summenformel:
C6H8O7
Molgewicht:
192.12
MOL-Datei:
77-92-9.mol

Zitronensure Eigenschaften

Schmelzpunkt:
153-159 °C (lit.)
Siedepunkt:
248.08°C (rough estimate)
Dichte
1.67 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Dampfdichte
7.26 (vs air)
Dampfdruck
<0.1 hPa (20 °C)
Brechungsindex
1.493~1.509
FEMA 
2306 | CITRIC ACID
Flammpunkt:
100 °C
storage temp. 
2-8°C
Löslichkeit
Citric acid also dissolves in absolute (anhydrous) ethanol (76 parts of citric acid per 100 parts of ethanol) at 15 °C.
Aggregatzustand
grit
pka
3.14(at 20℃)
Farbe
White
Geruch (Odor)
Odorless
PH
3.24(1 mM solution);2.62(10 mM solution);2.08(100 mM solution);
Geruchsart
odorless
Explosionsgrenze
8%, 65°F
Wasserlöslichkeit
soluble in Water (1174g/L at 10°C, 1809g/L at 30°C, 3825g/L at 80°C).
Sensitive 
Hygroscopic
maximale Wellenlänge (λmax)
λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.20
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.10
Merck 
14,2326
JECFA Number
218
BRN 
782061
Stabilität:
Stable. Incompatible with bases, strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metal nitrates.
InChIKey
KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP
-1.64
CAS Datenbank
77-92-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST chemische Informationen
1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-(77-92-9)
EPA chemische Informationen
Citric acid (77-92-9)
Sicherheit
  • Risiko- und Sicherheitserklärung
  • Gefahreninformationscode (GHS)
Kennzeichnung gefährlicher Xi,C,T
R-Sätze: 41-36/37/38-36/38-37/38-34-36-35-61-60
S-Sätze: 26-39-37/39-24/25-36/37/39-45-36-53
RIDADR  UN 1789 8/PG 3
WGK Germany  1
RTECS-Nr. GE7350000
9
TSCA  Yes
HS Code  2918 14 00
Giftige Stoffe Daten 77-92-9(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxizität LD50 in mice, rats (mmol/kg): 5.0, 4.6 i.p. (Gruber, Halbeisen)
Bildanzeige (GHS) GHS hazard pictograms
Alarmwort Warnung
Gefahrenhinweise
Code Gefahrenhinweise Gefahrenklasse Abteilung Alarmwort Symbol P-Code
H319 Verursacht schwere Augenreizung. Schwere Augenreizung Kategorie 2 Warnung P264, P280, P305+P351+P338,P337+P313P
H335 Kann die Atemwege reizen. Spezifische Zielorgan-Toxizität (einmalige Exposition) Kategorie 3 (Atemwegsreizung) Warnung
Sicherheit
P261 Einatmen von Staub vermeiden.
P264 Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.
P264 Nach Gebrauch gründlich waschen.
P271 Nur im Freien oder in gut belüfteten Räumen verwenden.
P280 Schutzhandschuhe/Schutzkleidung/Augenschutz tragen.
P305+P351+P338 BEI KONTAKT MIT DEN AUGEN: Einige Minuten lang behutsam mit Wasser spülen. Eventuell vorhandene Kontaktlinsen nach Möglichkeit entfernen. Weiter spülen.

Zitronensure Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden

ERSCHEINUNGSBILD

FARBLOSE KRISTALLE.

PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN

Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft möglich.

CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN

Zersetzung beim Erhitzen über 175°C. Mittelstarke Säure in wässriger Lösung. Reagiert mit Oxidationsmitteln. Greift Metall an.

ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE

TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: IIb (nicht festgelegt, aber Informationen vorhanden) (DFG 2006).

AUFNAHMEWEGE

Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.

INHALATIONSGEFAHREN

Verdampfen bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine belästigende Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION

WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION:
Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege.

WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION

Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf die Zähne mit nachfolgender Erosion.

LECKAGE

Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.

R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.

S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:

S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S39:Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.

Aussehen Eigenschaften

C6H8O7; farblose, geruchlose Kristalle, sehr gut in Wasser löslich.

Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt

Reizt die Augen.

Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln

Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Staubschutz

Verhalten im Gefahrfall

Mechanisch aufnehmen, der Entsorgung zuführen.
Kohlendioxid, Wasser, Löschpulver.

Erste Hilfe

Nach Hautkontakt: Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort mit viel Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Gründlich mit viel Wasser und geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 10 Minuten ausspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
Nach Einatmen: Für Frischluft sorgen. Ärztlicher Behandlung zuführen.
Nach Verschlucken: Mund ausspülen und reichlich Wasser nachtrinken. Ärztlicher Behandlung zuführen.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Beschmutzte Kleidung sofort ausziehen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag

Sachgerechte Entsorgung

Als Feststoffabfälle.

Beschreibung

Citric acid is a white, crystalline, weak organic acid present in most plants and many animals as an intermediate in cellular respiration. Citric acid contains three carboxyl groups making it a carboxylic, more specifically a tricarboxylic, acid.the name citrus originates from the Greek kedromelon meaning apple of melon for the fruit citron. Greek works mention kitron, kitrion, or kitreos for citron fruit, which is an oblong fruit several inches long from the scrublike tree Citrus medica. Lemons and limes have high citric acid content, which may account for up to 8% of the fruit's dry weight.
Citric acid
Citric acid is a weak acid and loses hydrogen ions from its three carboxyl groups (COOH) in solution.the loss of a hydrogen ion from each group in the molecule results in the citrate ion,C3H5O(COO)33. A citric acid molecule also forms intermediate ions when one or two hydrogen atoms in the carboxyl groups ionize.the citrate ion combines with metals to form salts, the most common of which is calcium citrate. Citric acid forms esters to produce various citrates, for example trimethyl citrate and triethyl citrate.

Chemische Eigenschaften

Citric acid is a weak organic acid with the formula C6H8O7. It is a natural preservative / conservative and is also used to add an acidic, or sour, taste to foods and soft drinks. In biochemistry, the conjugate base of citric acid, citrate, is important as an intermediate in the citric acid cycle, which occurs in the metabolism of all aerobic organisms.
Citric acid is a commodity chemical, and more than a million tonnes are produced every year by fermentation. It is used mainly as an acidifier, as a flavoring, and as a chelating agent.

Physikalische Eigenschaften

CITRIC ACID, white crystalline solid, decomposes at higher temperatures, sp gr 1.542. Citric acid is soluble in H2O or alcohol and slightly soluble in ether. The compound is a tribasic acid, forming mono-, di-, and tri- series of salts and esters.It occurs in large amounts is citrus fruits, and is used widely in industry as an acidifier, as a flavoring and chelating agent. pKa values are 5.21, 4.28 and 2.92 at 25 °C (extrapolated to zero ionic strength).
Citric acid is a good buffering agent for solutions between about pH 2 and pH 8. It is popular in many buffers in many techniques, electrophoresis (SSC Buffer #), to stop reactions, for biopurifications, crystallography... In biological systems around pH 7, the two species present are the citrate ion and mono-hydrogen citrate ion. the pH of a 1 mM solution of citric acid will be about 3.2.

Occurrence

Citric acid exists in greater than trace amounts in a variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably citrus fruits. Lemons and limes have particularly high concentrations of the acid; it can constitute as much as 8 % of the dry weight of these fruits (about 47 g/L in the juices ) . The concentrations of citric acid in citrus fruits range from 0.005 mol/L for oranges and grapefruits to 0.30 mol/L in lemons and limes. Within species, these values vary depending on the cultivar and the circumstances in which the fruit was grown.

History

The discovery of citric acid is credited to Jabir ibn Hayyan (Latin name Geber, 721–815).
Citric acid was first isolated in 1784 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786), who crystallized it from lemon juice.
The crystalline structure of anhydrous citric acid, obtained by cooling hot concentrated solution of the monohydrate form, was first elucidated by Yuill and Bennett in 1934 by X-ray diffraction.
In 1960 Nordman and co-workers further suggested that in the anhydrous form two molecules of the acid are linked through hydrogen bonds between two –COOH groups of each monomer.

Verwenden

Citric Acid is an acidulant and antioxidant produced by mold fermentation of sugar solutions and by extraction from lemon juice, lime juice, and pineapple canning residue. it is the predominant acid in oranges, lemons, and limes. it exists in anhydrous and monohydrate forms. the anhydrous form is crystallized in hot solutions and the monohydrate form is crystallized from cold (below 36.5°c) solutions. anhydrous citric acid has a solubility of 146 g and monohydrate citric acid has a solubility of 175 g/100 ml of distilled water at 20°c. a 1% solution has a ph of 2.3 at 25°c. it is a hygroscopic, strong acid of tart flavor. it is used as an acidulant in fruit drinks and carbonated beverages at 0.25-0.40%, in cheese at 3-4%, and in jellies. it is used as an antioxidant in instant potatoes, wheat chips, and potato sticks, where it prevents spoilage by trapping the metal ions. it is used in combination with antioxidants in the processing of fresh frozen fruits to prevent discoloration.

Application

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is known as a commodity chemical, as more than a million tonnes are produced every year by mycological fermentation on an industrial scale using crude sugar sol utions, such as molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger. Citric acid is widely distributed in plants and in animal tissues and fluids and exist in greater than grace amounts in variety of fruits and vegetables, most notably in citrus fruits such as lemon and limes. Citric acid is mainly used as an acidifier, flavoring agent and chelating agent. It was also used as a chemical restrainer particularly in developers for the collodion process and in silver nitrate solutions used for sensitizing salted and albumen papers.

Definition

ChEBI: Citric acid is a tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms. It has a role as a food acidity regulator, a chelator, an antimicrobial agent and a fundamental metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a citrate(1-) and a citrate anion.

synthetische

By mycological fermentation using molasses and strains of Aspergillus niger; from citrus juices and pineapple wastes

Allgemeine Beschreibung

Citric acid appears as colorless, odorless crystals with an acid taste. Denser than water. (USCG, 1999)

Air & Water Reaktionen

The pure material is moisture sensitive (undergoes slow hydrolysis) Water soluble.

Reaktivität anzeigen

Citric acid reacts with oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents and metal nitrates . Reactions with metal nitrates are potentially explosive. Heating to the point of decomposition causes emission of acrid smoke and fumes [Lewis].

Health Hazard

Inhalation of dust irritates nose and throat. Contact with eyes causes irritation.

Biotechnological Applications

Citric acid cycle
Citrate, the conjugate base of citric acid is one of a series of compounds involved in the physiological oxidation of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water.
This series of chemical reactions is central to nearly all metabolic reactions, and is the source of two-thirds of the foodderived energy in higher organisms. Hans Adolf Krebs received the 1953 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery. The series of reactions is known by various names, including the "citric acid cycle", the "Krebs cycle" or "Szent-Gy?rgyi — Krebs cycle", and the "tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle".
Other biological roles
Citrate is a critical component of bone, helping to regulate the size of calcium crystals.

Sicherheitsprofil

Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic byingestion. A severe eye and moderate skin irritant. An irritating organic acid, some allergenic properties. Combustible liquid. Potentially explosive reaction with metal nitrates. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes.

Zitronensure Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte

Upstream-Materialien

Downstream Produkte


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77-92-9(Zitronensure)Verwandte Suche:


  • Citric acid Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%
  • Buffer solution according to Weise
  • FLUORESCEIN DISODIUM SALT USP GRADE
  • PROPYLENE GLYCOL HIGH PURITY GRADE
  • READY LADDER 50BP DNA MARKER
  • YELLOW PRIMARY SOLUTION
  • CITRICACID,ANHYDROUS,PREMIUM(BULK
  • CITRICACID,ANHYDROUS,USP(BULK
  • CITRICACIDANDITSCOMMONSALTS
  • CITRONENSAEURE WASSERFREI, PULVERISIERT
  • citric acid ester
  • 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid
  • Citric acid
  • Tennant Citric Acid - anhydrous
  • BUFFER PH 7.4
  • BUFFER, PH 9.00
  • BUFFER PH 13.00
  • BUFFER PH 11.00
  • BUFFER SOLUTION, SODIUM ACETATE/HYDROCHLORIC ACID
  • BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 8.00 +/-0.02
  • BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 9.00
  • BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 9.00 +/-0.02
  • BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 6.00 +/-0.02
  • BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 6.5
  • BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 7.0, PHOSPHATE
  • BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 7.00 +/-0.02
  • BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 3.00 +/-0.02
  • BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 2.00 +/-0.02
  • BUFFER SOLUTION, PH 4.00 +/-0.02
  • acidecitrique
  • Aciletten
  • femanumber2306
  • -Hydroxypropanetricarboxylicacid
  • Kyselina 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propantrikarbonova
  • Kyselina citronova
  • kyselina2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propantrikarbonova
  • kyselinacitronova
  • kyselinacitronova(czech)
  • nsc30279
  • CITRIC ACID, ANHYDROUS, CELL CULTURE
  • Citric acid, anhydrousACS reagent, ≥ 99.5% (Titration)
  • Citric Acid, Meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur.BP, USP
  • Buffer Concentrate, pH 10.01
  • Citric acid, For analysis ACS
  • Citric Acid, Tested according to Ph.Eur.
  • Citric acid, anhydrous, ACS, 99.5+%
  • Buffer solution, pH 11.00 (±0.01 @ 25°C), No Color, Specpure(R), NIST Traceable
  • CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS GRANULAR
  • CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS GRANULAR, NATURAL
  • CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS POWDER
  • 3-Hydroxy-3-carboxypenthane-1,5-diobic acid
  • Citric acid, anhydrous, USP Grade 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2 hydroxy-citric acid, anhydrous, USP Grade
  • Citric acid, 99%, anhydrous, pure
  • Citric acid, 99.5%, anhydrous, for analysis
  • Citric acid, 99.6%, anhydrous, for analysis ACS
  • Citric acid, anhydrous, for analysis
  • Citric acid, anhydrous, for analysis ACS
  • Buffer solution, pH 11.00 (+/-0.01 @ 25^oC), No Color, Specpure , NIST Traceable
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