ヘキサメチルりん酸トリアミド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～黄褐色、液体（結晶を含む）
解説
C6H18N3OP(179.20)．[(CH3)2N]3P=O．ヘキサメチルりん酸トリアミドは，略称HMPA．ジメチルアミンとオキシ塩化リンとの反応で得られる．アミン臭を有する液体．融点7 ℃，沸点233 ℃，94～96 ℃(799 Pa)．d204 1.029．n20D 1.458．誘電率ε 30(20 ℃)．水，飽和炭化水素以外のほとんどの有機溶媒に可溶．有機溶媒として，とくにカルボアニオンを安定化させる特徴をもつ溶媒として広く用いられる．塩基性，中性では安定であるが，酸性では不安定で容易に分解する．発がん性があるので，取り扱いは注意が必要である．LD50 2650 mg/kg(ラット，経口)．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
両極性溶媒、有機?無機金属化合物の反応や重合反応への応用、感材、加硫促進剤
使用上の注意
アルゴン封入
化学的特性
colourless or light amber liquid with an aromatic spicy odour
使用
Hexamethylphosphoramide is a dipolar co-solvent and an effective additive used in reactions like reduction of halides, deoxygenation of sulfones, halide olefin couplings and cleavage of carbon-sulfur bond.
一般的な説明
Clear colorless to light amber liquid with a spicy odor.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
Hexamethylphosphoramide may react with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids . Susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
危険性
Possible carcinogen. Toxic by skin contact.
Combustible.
健康ハザード
The acute toxicity of hexamethylphosphoramide is low. HMPA can cause irritation
upon contact with the skin and eyes. Hexamethylphosphoramide has been found to
cause cancer in laboratory animals exposed by inhalation and meets the criteria for
classification as an OSHA "select carcinogen." Chronic exposure to HMPA can
cause damage to the lungs and kidneys. Reproductive effects in male animals treated
with hexamethylphosphoramide have been observed. HMPA should be regarded as a
substance with poor warning properties.
火災危険
Hexamethylphosphoramide is combustible.
燃焼性と爆発性
Combustible liquid. Its decomposition at high temperatures or in a fire can produce phosphine, phosphorus oxides, and oxides of nitrogen, which are extremely toxic. Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for HMPA fires.
職業ばく露
Hexamethylphosphoric triamide is a
material possessing unique properties and is widely used as
a solvent in small quantities, in organic and organometallic
reactions in laboratories. This is the major source of occu pational exposure to HMPA in the United States. It is also
used as a processing solvent in the manufacture of aramid
fibers. HMPA has been evaluated for use as an ultraviolet
light absorber or inhibitor in polyvinylchloride formulations;
as an additive for antistatic effects; as a flame retardant; and
as a deicing additive for jet fuels. Hexamethylphosphoric
triamide has also been extensively investigated as an insect
chemosterilant.
発がん性
Hexamethylphosphoramide is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
貯蔵
this compound should be handled only in a fume hood, using appropriate impermeable gloves and splash goggles to prevent skin and eye contact. Containers of this substance should be stored in secondary containers.
輸送方法
UN3082 Environmentally hazardous substances,
liquid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous haz ardous material, Technical Name Required
純化方法
The industrial synthesis is usually by treatment of POCl3 with excess of dimethylamine in isopropyl ether. Impurities are water, dimethylamine and its hydrochloride. It is purified by refluxing over BaO or CaO at about 4mm pressure in an atmosphere of nitrogen for several hours, then distilled from sodium at the same pressure. The middle fraction (b ca 90o) is collected, refluxed over sodium under reduced pressure under nitrogen and distilled. It is kept in the dark under nitrogen, and stored in solid CO2. It can also be stored over 4A molecular sieves. Alternatively, it is distilled under vacuum from CaH2 at 60o and is crystallised twice in a cold room at 0o, seeding the liquid with crystals obtained by cooling in liquid nitrogen. After about two-thirds are frozen, the remaining liquid is drained off [Fujinaga et al. Pure Appl Chem 44 117 1975]. For tests of purity see Fujinaga et al. in Purification of Solvents, Coetzee Ed., Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1982. For efficiency of desiccants in drying HMPA see Burfield and Smithers [J Org Chem 43 3966 1978, Sammes et al. J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 1 281 1986]. [Beilstein 4 IV 284.] CARCINOGEN.
不和合性
Incompatible (possibly violent reaction;
fire and explosions) with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates,peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine,
fluorine, etc.). Keep away from alkaline materials, chemi cally active metals, strong acids, strong bases.
廃棄物の処理
Excess hexamethylphosphoramide and waste material containing this substance should be placed in an appropriate container, clearly labeled, and handled according to your institution's waste disposal guidelines.
ヘキサメチルりん酸トリアミド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品