塩化ニトロシル 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
反応性
NOCl(65.46)．塩化ニトロシル，活性炭触媒の存在下－80 ℃ で一酸化炭素と塩素を反応させるか，HClとN2O5を反応させると得られる．室温では橙黄色の気体．折れ線形分子Cl-N-Oで，Cl-N1.975 Å，N-O1.134 Å．∠Cl-N-O113.3°．融点－61.5 ℃，沸点－5.5 ℃．気体を加熱すると，
2NOCl ⇄2NO ＋ Cl2
のように解離する．一方，液体では，
NOCl ⇄ NO＋ ＋ Cl－
のように電離している．液体には爆発性はないが，腐食性が大きく皮膚や粘膜をおかす．有機合成で，塩素化試薬，ニトロ化剤，酸化剤などに用いられる．有毒．
性質
化学式 NOCl 。非爆発性で，腐食性の強い黄赤色の気体。融点－61.5℃，沸点－5.5℃。水により分解し，塩化水素と亜硝酸となる。王水の橙色はこの化合物による。多くの有機物と反応し，塩素化，ニトロ化，酸化を行う。眼，皮膚，粘膜を強く刺激し，吸入すると肺浮腫を起す。このほかに，二塩化ニトロシル NOCl2 ，三塩化ニトロシル NOCl3 などがある。
ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 ブリタニカ
製造法
図に示すような折れ線型構造をなす。一酸化窒素NOと塩素Cl2を活性アルミナ触媒上で40～50℃で直接反応させ，ドライアイス‐アセトン浴で冷却したトラップ中に導いて凝縮させる。 2NO＋Cl2―→2NOCl塩化カリウムKClと二酸化窒素NO2を減圧下で反応させても得られる。 KCl＋2NO2―→KNO3＋NOCl王水中に存在し，貴金属の溶解を触媒する。常温で淡黄色の気体。沸点5.5℃，融点－64.5℃。
化学的特性
Yellow-red liquid or yellow gas.Decomposed by water; dissociates into nitric oxide and chlorine on heating;
soluble in fuming sulfuric acid. Nonflammable.
物理的性質
Yellow gas; heavier than air, density 2.3 (air=1); gas density 2.872 g/L; liquefies at -5.55°C; liquid density 1.273 g/mL; freezes at -59.4°C; critical temperature 167°C; reacts with water; soluble in fuming sulfuric acid.
使用
Synthetic detergents, catalyst, intermediate.
定義
One of the oxidizing agents in aqua regia.
製造方法
Nitrosyl chloride can be prepared by the reaction of nitric oxide with chlorine: 2NO + Cl
2 → 2ClNO
Also, nitrosyl chloride is produced by the action of chlorine on sodium nitrate; or by the reaction of nitrosyl sulfuric acid with hydrochloric acid: NaNO
3 + Cl
2 → ClNO + NaClO
2 ONHSO
4 + HCl → ClNO + H
2 SO
4Nitrosyl chloride also is obtained as a byproduct in the manufacture of potassium nitrate from potassium chloride and nitric acid:In the above preparative method, nitrosyl chloride must be separated from nitric acid; otherwise, in the presence of pure and excess nitric acid, it can decompose to nitrogen dioxide and chlorine:2ClNO + HNO
3 → 6NO
2 + Cl
2 +2H
2O
Also, nitrosyl chloride can be synthesized from its elements by heating nitrogen, oxygen and chlorine gas at 400°C: N
2 + O
2 + Cl
2 → 2ClNO
Faraday obtained nitrosyl chloride by dissolving palladium in a mixture of hydrochloric and nitric acids (Faraday, M. Trans. Roy. Soc. (London), Vol. 136, pp. 48, 1846): Pd + HNO
3 + 3HCl → PdCl
2 + ClNO + 2H
2O.
一般的な説明
A yellow to yellowish red gas. Liquefies at -5.5°C. Very toxic by inhalation. Noncombustible, but accelerates burning of combustible material. Decomposed by water to form corrosive hydrochloric acid. Vapors heavier than air. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat can cause containers to rupture violently and rocket .
空気と水の反応
Dissolves into and reacts with moisture in the air or with water to form hydrochloric acid and toxic red oxides of nitrogen.
反応プロフィール
Nitrosyl chloride is an oxidizing agent. Dissociates into nitric oxide and chlorine on heating. Gives an explosive reaction when sealed in a tube with a residue of acetone and in the presence of platinum catalyst [Chem. Eng. News 35(43):60. 1967]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291].
危険性
Strong irritant, especially to lungs and
mucous membranes.
健康ハザード
Gas is highly toxic. Inhalation causes severe irritation of respiratory tract and damage to mucous membranes. Delayed effects, which include severe pulmonary edema, may not be apparent for several hours.
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Very toxic gases are generated when heated
安全性プロファイル
Poison by inhalation
and ingestion. A corrosive irritant to skin,
eyes, and mucous membranes. Inhalation
may cause pulmonary edema and
hemorrhage. Potentially explosive reaction
with acetone + platinum. Mixtures with
hydrogen + oxygen igmte spontaneously.
When heated to decomposition it emits very
toxic fumes of Cland NOx.
職業ばく露
A nitrocompound used as a reagent,
catalyst, bleaching agent, and intermediate for making other
chemicals.
輸送方法
UN1069 Nitrosyl chloride, Hazard Class: 2.3;
Labels 2.3-Poisonous gas, 8-Corrosive material; Inhalation
Hazard Zone C
純化方法
It is an orange gas with a suffocating odour. It has been fractionally distilled at atmospheric pressure in an all-glass, low-temperature still, taking the fraction boiling at -4o and storing it in sealed tubes. Alternatively the gas is dried by CaCl2 and passed through H2SO4 when Cl2 passes on, but NOCl is absorbed to form nitrososulfuric acid (NO.HSO4) which on warming with NaCl evolves pure NOCl [Tilden J Chem Soc 27 630 1874.] It is decomposed by H2O and alkali, and forms compounds with metal chlorides e.g. FeCl3.NOCl. [Coleman Inorg Synth I 55 1939.]
不和合性
Dissolves into and reacts with moisture
in the air or with water forming hydrochloric acid and toxic
red oxides of nitrogen. Nitrosyl chloride is a strong
oxidizer. Violent reaction with strong acids, alkalis (e.g.,
sodium hydroxide), ammonia, amines, reducing agents,
other strong oxidizers. Elevated temperature may cause
explosive decomposition. Dissociates into nitric oxide and
chlorine on heating. Corrosive to most metals. Attacks
some plastics, rubber, and coatings.
廃棄物の処理
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier. Use a licensed professional waste
disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve or mix
the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a
chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and
scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations
must be observed.
塩化ニトロシル 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品