硫酸カドミウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
CdSO4(208.47)．金属カドミウム，酸化カドミウム，硝酸カドミウム，炭酸カドミウムを希硫酸に溶かし，室温で結晶化させるとCdSO4･(8/3)H2Oが得られる．このものの飽和水溶液に濃硫酸を加えると無水物が得られる．無水物は白色の結晶．密度4.69 g cm－3．水に易溶．4 ℃ 以下の水溶液から七水和物が得られる．(8/3)水和物が一般に流通している．無色の結晶．密度3.09 g cm－3．風解性で，熱すると41.5 ℃ で一水和物になり，108 ℃ で無水物となる．水に易溶．E.Westonのカドミウム標準電池，防腐剤，分析試薬，めっき，医薬品(収れん剤)などに用いられる．有毒．[CAS 10124-36-4:CdSO4][CAS 7790-84-3:3CdSO4･8H2O][CAS 7790-84-3:CdSO4･H2O][CAS 15244-35-6:CdSO4･nH2O]
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
無機カドミウム化合物の製造中間体、研究用試薬
化学的特性
Cadmium sulfate is a white to colorless, odorless, crystalline substance.
物理的性質
Colorless orthogonal crystal; the hydrates have monoclinic crystal system; density 4.69 g/cm
3 (density of mono-, and octahydrates is 3.79 and 3.08 g/cm
3, respectively); melts at 1,000°C (octahydrate decomposes at 40°C); soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.
使用
Cadmium sulfate (CdS), also called “orange cadmium,” is used to produce phosphors and
fluorescent screens. It is also used as a pigment in inks and paints, to color ceramics glazes, in the
manufacture of transistors in electronics, photovoltaic cells, and solar cells, and in fireworks.
製造方法
Cadmium sulfate is prepared by the reaction of cadmium metal or its oxide or hydroxide with dilute sulfuric acid:
CdO + H
2SO
4 → CdSO
4+ H
2CdO + H
2SO
4 → CdSO
4 + H
2O
Cd(OH)
2 + H
2SO
4 → CdSO
4+ 2H
2O.
一般的な説明
Odorless white solid. Sinks and mixes slowly with water.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
Cadmium sulfate acts as a weakly acidic inorganic salt, which is soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions.
危険性
A confirmed carcinogen.
健康ハザード
Inhalation may cause dryness of throat, coughing, constriction in chest, and headache. Ingestion may cause salivation, vomiting, abdominal pains, or diarrhea. Contact with eyes causes irritation.
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic cadmium oxide fume may form in fires.
安全性プロファイル
Confirmed human
carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic
data. Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, and
intraperitoneal routes. Experimental
teratogenic and reproductive effects.
Mutation data reported. See also
CADMIUM COMPOUNDS and
SULFATES. When heated to
decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of
Cd and SOx.
職業ばく露
It is used in pigments, electroplating;
as a fungicide; and in synthetic and analytical chemistry.
Also used in fluorescent screens; as an electrolyte.
Incompatibilities: Acts as a weak inorganic acid; neutralizes bases. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates,
peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine,
fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep
away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids,
oxoacids, epoxides, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, zinc
輸送方法
UN2570 Cadmium compounds, Hazard Class:
6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name
Required.
予防処置
Cadmium compounds cause more health disorders to occupational workers and persons
with pre-existing skin disorders, eye problems, blood disorders, prostate problems, or
impaired liver, kidney, or respiratory function. These workers are more susceptible to the
effects of cadmium salts. On contact with cadmium, exposed workers should wash the
skin and eyes immediately with plenty of water
硫酸カドミウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品