チモール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色, 結晶～結晶性粉末
定義
本品は、フェノール(*)の誘導体であり、次の化学式で表される。
参照表示名称：フェノール
性質
5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)phenol．C10H14O(150.2)．チモールは，精油成分の一つ．チミアン油やアヨワン油などに含まれる．無色透明の結晶で，特有の芳香がある．融点50～51.5 ℃，沸点233 ℃．d15 0.976．n20D 1.5226．エタノール，エーテル，クロロホルム，ベンゼンなどに可溶，水に微溶．練り歯磨き，化粧品などに用いられる．芳香性のにおいと舌を焼くような刺激性のある無色の結晶または結晶性粉末で、殺菌、防腐、駆虫剤として知られる。森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
溶解性
水に殆ど不溶。エタノール, アセトンに易溶。エタノール及びアセトンに溶けやすく、水にほとんど溶けない。
用途
駆虫薬 抗細菌薬 殺菌薬 歯科用薬、香料、フレバーの原料成分、ラベンダーの香気成分
用途
防腐剤、殺菌剤、調製液原料、分析用(発色試薬)、有機合成原料。
用途
チモールは，防腐剤，殺菌剤として歯磨剤，セッケンなどに添加。駆虫剤，メントール合成原料に使用。タチジャコウソウ油の主成分。m‐クレゾールから合成。回虫や蟯虫(ぎょうちゅう)の駆除に内服により用いられたことがあったが、現在ではほとんどこの目的では使用されない。歯科用にむし歯の穴（う窩(か)）および根管の消毒、歯髄炎の鎮痛・鎮静に20％液が用いられる。そのほか、外用液剤、軟膏(なんこう)剤、外用散剤に配合されて局所の殺菌用に用いられ、また含嗽(がんそう)剤、洗浄剤、歯みがきに添加して使用される。［幸保文治］
化粧品の成分用途
変性剤、口腔衛生剤、香料
効能
駆虫薬, 保存剤
商品名
チモール (マイラン製薬)
化学的特性
Thymol occurs as colorless or often large translucent crystals, or as a white crystalline powder with a herbal odor (aromatic and thymelike) and a pungent caustic taste.
天然物の起源
Reported in the essential oils of Monarda punctata, Satureia thymera, Origanum floribundum, Ocimum viride,
Ocimum gratissimum and particularly in thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., T. capitatus, T. serpillum L.), where it is contained up to 50%.
Also reported found in citrus peel oils, orange and tangerine juice, bilberry, cranberry, blueberry, papaya, blackberry, celery seed,
chive, clove bud, cumin seed, ginger, peppermint oil, corn mint oil, Scotch spearmint oil, nutmeg, parsley, thyme, Gruyere cheese,
parmesan cheese, romano cheese, white wine, black tea, plum, sweet and wild marjoram, fenugreek, mango, cardamom, dill herb
and seed, licorice, lovage leaf, buckwheat, sweet corn, elder flower, cherimoya, rosemary, lemon balm, Spanish sage, anise hyssop,
sweet grass oil, eucalyptus oil and mastic gum oil.
使用
Thymol is an antimicrobial compound which can increase the efficacy of antibiotics involving drug resistant bacteria. It inhibits growth and lactate production as well as reduces cellular glucose upta
ke within the bacteria.
定義
thymol: A pungent-smelling colourless crystalline compound, C
10H
14O;m.p. 51°C. It occurs in various essentialoils, particularly oil of thyme,and can be made by using iron(III)chloride to oxidize piperitone (itselfextracted from eucalyptus oil). Itsantiseptic properties are exploited ingargles and mouthwashes.
調製方法
Thymol is obtained from the volatile oil of thyme (Thymus vulgaris
Linne′ (Fam. Labiatae)) by fractional distillation followed by
extraction and recrystallization. Thyme oil yields about 20–30%
thymol. Thymol may also be produced synthetically from pcymene,
menthone, or piperitone, or by the interaction of m-cresol
with isopropyl chloride.
一般的な説明
Thymol is a monoterpene phenol derivative. It is a key volatile aroma constituent of the essential oil of plants such as thyme, basil, and oregano. It has strong antioxidant, antibacterial, anticarcinogenesis, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties.
臨床応用
Isopropyl m-cresol is extracted from oil of Thymus vulgaris(thyme, of the mint family) by partitioning into alkalineaqueous medium followed by acidification. The crystals obtainedfrom the mother liquor are large and colorless, with athymelike odor. Thymol is only slightly soluble in water,but it is extremely soluble in alcohols and other organic solvents.Thymol has mild fungicidal properties and is used inalcohol solutions and in dusting powders for the treatmentof tinea (ringworm) infections.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion and
intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by
subcutaneous route. Experimental
reproductive effects. Mutation data
reported. An allergen. Incompatible with
acetanilide. When heated to decomposition
it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. An
FDA over-the-counter drug used as an
antibacterial and antifungal agent.
安全性
Thymol is used in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceutical applications
as an excipient. However, thymol may be irritating when
inhaled or following contact with the skin or eyes. It may also cause
abdominal pain and vomiting, and sometimes stimulation followed
by depression of the central nervous system following oral
consumption; fats and alcohol increase absorption and aggravate
symptoms.
Respiratory arrest, attributed to acute nasal congestion and
edema, has been reported in a 3-week-old patient due to the
erroneous intranasal application of Karvol, a combination product
that includes thymol. The patient recovered, but it was recommended
that inhalation decongestants should not be used in
children under the age of 5 years.
LD50 (guinea pig, oral): 0.88 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.11 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): 0.1 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 0.64 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, SC): 0.243 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 0.98 g/kg
貯蔵
Thymol should be stored in well-closed, light-resistant containers,
in a cool, dry, place. Thymol is affected by light.
不和合性
Thymol is incompatible with iodine, alkalis, and oxidizing agents. It
liquefies, or forms soft masses, on trituration with acetanilide,
antipyrine, camphor, monobromated camphor, chloral hydrate,
menthol, phenol, or quinine sulfate. The antimicrobial activity of
thymol is reduced in the presence of proteins.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database
(inhalation, liquid; oral, powder for solution). Included in
nonparenteral medicines (topical creams and ointments) licensed
in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Nonmedicinal
Ingredients.
チモール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品