2-エトキシエタノール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
定義
本品は、次の化学式で表されるエーテルアルコールである。
溶解性
水、エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすい。
解説
2-エトキシエタノール,アメリカのUCC社の商品名で，エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルHOCH2CH2OC2H5で代表されるエチレングリコールモノエーテル．水，エタノール，エーテルと任意の割合で溶ける．ニトロセルロースおよび各種塗料の溶剤として使用される．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
化学物質中間体
用途
各種樹脂溶剤、可塑剤原料、化粧原料(清浄用化粧品、頭髪用化粧品、基礎化粧品用、メークアップ化粧品、芳香化粧品、日焼け?日焼け止め化粧品、爪化粧品等)
化粧品の成分用途
減粘剤、溶剤
合成
エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルの合成
エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルは、塩基存在下でオキシラン () とを反応させることにより合成されます。これは、ごく一般的なエーテルの合成方法です。
製造
2-エトキシエタノール,エチレンオキシドとアルコールとの反応により工業的に合成され.
説明
2-Ethoxyethanol is a stable, colorless, flammable liquid,
synthetically produced throughout the world. It belongs to
a larger group of glycol ether solvents. 2-Ethoxyethanol is
commercially referred to as Ethyl Cellosolve or Cellosolve,
a trademark registered by Union Carbide in 1924. It was first
synthesized to have the same chemical properties of both alcohols
and ethers (hydrophilic and lipophilic) but less volatile,
which improves production characteristics. The glycol ethers are
made by reacting anhydrous alcohols with ethylene oxide.
化学的特性
2-Ethoxyethanol is a colorless, viscous liquid
with a sweetish odor
物理的性質
Clear, colorless liquid with a sweetish odor. Experimentally determined detection and recognition
odor threshold concentrations were 1.1 mg/m
3 (300 ppb
v) and 2.0 mg/m
3 (540 ppb
v), respectively
(Hellman and Small, 1974).
使用
2-Ethoxyethanol is widely used as an industrial solvent and
production intermediate. It is produced by the reaction of
ethylene oxide with ethanol. The glycol ethers are miscible in
polar and nonpolar solutions, which make them useful
solvents in paints and surface coatings, stains, lacquers, inks,
and dyes. Additional uses include industrial deicing,
hydraulic fluids, and cleaning agents. 2-Ethoxyethanol was
once used in cosmetic products but is no longer used due to
toxicity associated with dermal absorption. Global production
has been on the decline in recent years based on
demonstrated toxicity through oral, dermal, and inhalation
routes of exposure. The use of ethylene glycol ethers has
largely been replaced by relatively safer substitutes, primarily
propylene glycol ethers; however, their use as a solvent and
chemical process intermediate poses potential for release into
the environment.
定義
ChEBI: A hydroxyether that is the ethyl ether derivative of ethylene glycol.
一般的な説明
A clear colorless liquid. Flash point of 120°F. Less dense than water. Its vapors are heavier than air.
空気と水の反応
Flammable. Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER may react with oxidizing materials, i.e. hydrogen peroxide, to form peroxides. 2-Ethoxyethanol dissolves many oils, resins and waxes.
危険性
Toxic by skin absorption. Moderate fire
risk.
健康ハザード
Some eye irritation. Inhalation of vapors causes irritation of nose.
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, may be produced in fire.
化学反応
図3. エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルの化学反応
エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルは、水以外にもアルコール、、エーテル、液体エステルと混和し、pKaは14.8です。ジケテンと反応し、2-エトキシエチルを与えます。この化合物もまた、溶剤、可塑剤、樹脂安定剤に利用可能です。
このように、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルは、一般のアルコール同様にヒドロキシ基で反応します。誘導体には、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテートなどがあります。
使用用途
エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルの主な用途は、樹脂・塗料・印刷インキの溶剤です。
他にも、革製品の染色、クリーニングのしみ抜き剤や汚れを溶かすための可溶化剤としても用いられます。これは、染料をよく溶かし、かつ浸透性が良いという、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルの性質を活かしたものです。
また、エチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルは、エポキシ樹脂をよく溶かす性質をもつため、金属や機械部品にエポキシ樹脂を塗装するときの溶剤としても使われています。
化学反応性
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by
ingestion, skin contact, intravenous, and
intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by
inhalation and subcutaneous routes. An
experimental teratogen. Other experimental
reproductive effects. A mild eye and skin
irritant. Combustible when exposed to heat
or flame; can react with oxidzing materials.
Moderate explosion hazard in the form of
vapor when exposed to heat or flame.
Mxture with hydrogen peroxide +
polyacrylamide gel + toluene is explosive
when dry. To fight fire, use alcohol foam,
dry chemical. See also GLYCOL ETHERS.
職業ばく露
This material is used as a solvent for
nitrocellulose and alkyd resins in lacquers; as a solvent for
printing inks; in dyeing leathers and textiles; in the formulation of cleaners and varnish removers; as an anti-icing
additive in brake fluids and auto and aviation fuels.
環境運命予測
Biological. Bridié et al. (1979) reported BOD and COD values of 1.03 and 1.92 g/g using
filtered effluent from a biological sanitary waste treatment plant. These values were determined
using a standard dilution method at 20 °C for a period of 5 d. When a sewage seed was used in a
separate screening test, a BOD value of 1.27 g/g was obtained. Similarly, Heukelekian and Rand
(1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 1.42 g/g which is 72.4% of the ThOD value of 1.96 g/g.
Photolytic. Grosjean (1997) reported a rate constant of 1.87 x 10
-11 cm
3/molecule?sec at 298 K
for the reaction of 2-ethoxyethanol and OH radicals in the atmosphere. Based on an atmospheric
OH radical concentration of 1.0 x 106 molecule/cm
3, the reported half-life of methanol is 0.35 d
(Grosjean, 1997). Stemmler et al. (1996) reported a rate constant of 1.66 x 10
-11 cm
3/molecule?sec
for the OH radical-initiated oxidation of 2-ethoxyethanol in synthetic air at 297 K and 750 mmHg.
Major reaction products identified by GC/MS (with their yields) were ethyl formate, 34%;
ethylene glycol monoformate, 36%; ethylene glycol monoacetate, 7.8%; and ethoxyacetaldehyde,
24%.
Chemical/Physical. 2-Ethoxyethanol will not hydrolyze (Kollig, 1993).
At an influent concentration of 1,024 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in an effluent
concentration of 886 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 28 mg/g carbon (Guisti et
al., 1974).
輸送方法
UN1171 Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether,
Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.
純化方法
Dry it with CaSO4 or K2CO3, filter and fractionally distil it. Peroxides can be removed by refluxing with anhydrous SnCl2 or by filtration under slight pressure through a column of activated alumina. [Beilstein 1 IV 2377.]
不和合性
May form explosive mixture with air.
Strong oxidizers may cause fire and explosions. Attacks
some plastics, rubber and coatings. Able to form peroxides. Incompatible with strong acids; aluminum and its
alloys
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies
for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of
waste containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation,
treatment, and waste disposal
2-エトキシエタノール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品