乙酰胆碱
中文名称 | 乙酰胆碱 |
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中文同义词 | 乙醯膽鹼;乙酰胆碱;食品级乙酰胆碱;乙酰胆碱 异烟肼;2-乙酰氧基-N,N,N-三甲基乙烷-1-胺 |
英文名称 | Acetylcholine |
英文同义词 | 2-acetyloxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium;Acetylcholine;Ethanaminium,2-(acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-;(2-acetoxyethyl)trimethylammonium USP/EP/BP;AcetylcholineQ: What is Acetylcholine Q: What is the CAS Number of Acetylcholine;ACETYLECHOLINE;(2-acetoxyethyl)trimethylammonium;O-Acetylcholine |
CAS号 | 51-84-3 |
分子式 | C7H16NO2+ |
分子量 | 146.21 |
EINECS号 | 200-128-9 |
相关类别 | 中药对照品;标准品 -中药标准品;医药原料 |
Mol文件 | 51-84-3.mol |
结构式 |
乙酰胆碱 性质
沸点 | 265.84°C (rough estimate) |
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密度 | 1.0528 (rough estimate) |
折射率 | 1.4500 (estimate) |
溶解度 | Water (easy), ethanol (easy), ether (not easy) |
CAS 数据库 | 51-84-3 |
EPA化学物质信息 | Acetylcholine (51-84-3) |
乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine),英文简称ACh。乙酰胆碱是一种传出神经系统递质,作用位置为全部交感神经和副交感神经的节前纤维,运动神经,全部副交感神经的节后纤维,和极少数交感神经的节后纤维。Ach为胆碱能神经递质。其性质不稳定,极易被体内乙酰胆碱脂酶水解,且作用广泛,选择性差,故无临床实用价值,可在科学研究中作为工具药使用。但Ach作为内源性神经递质,分布较广,具有非常重要的的生理功能,因此熟悉该递质的药理作用及其机制是非常重要的。乙酰胆碱是胆碱能神经介质,已能人工合成,作用于M胆碱受体和N胆碱受体,产生毒蕈碱(M)样和烟碱(N)样作用。①M样作用:以脏器平滑肌、腺体的兴奋为主要症状,表现为瞳孔缩小、支气管痉挛、呼吸道分泌物增多,引起呼吸困难、肺水肿及呼吸衰竭;胃肠道平滑肌兴奋,出现恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻;腺体分泌亢进,表现流涎多汗或大汗不止等。这些与毒蕈碱中毒所引起的症状相似,因此称为毒蕈碱样作用。②N样作用:是以交感神经节和横纹肌活动异常为主要症状,表现为骨骼肌兴奋,出现肌束震颤、牙关紧咬、颈强直、全身抽搐等症状,重者出现瘫痪。这些与烟碱中毒的症状相似,因此称烟碱样作用。有机磷农药中毒正是由于此类毒物抑制了体内胆碱酯酶活性,使胆碱酯酶失去了水解乙酰胆碱的作用,乙酰胆碱在体内蓄积过多所致。
安全信息
危险品运输编号 | 1760 |
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危险等级 | 8 |
包装类别 | II |
毒性 | The choline ester of acetic acid. ACh is released in vertebrates as the neurotransmitter for cholinergic neurons in the CNS, as well as at several peripheral locations: somatic neurons innervating skeletal muscle (neuromuscular junctions); preganglionic neurons in both divisions of the autonomic nervous system; parasympathetic postganglionic neurons; and a few sympathetic postganglionic neurons. ACh is synthesized from choline and acetyl CoA by the mitochondrial enzyme choline acetyltransferase. Cholinergic receptors (cholinoceptors), that mediate the effects of ACh, are generally classified as nicotinic or muscarinic, based on their binding preferences for nicotine and muscarine, respectively. ACh is hydrolyzed to choline and acetate by acetylcholinesterase, that is an important target for a variety of toxic and therapeutic anticholinesterases, such as the nerve agents, carbamate, and organophosphorus insecticides. |