Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
Crizotinib: clinical activity, relapses and mechanisms of resistance
Crizotinib shows clinical activity in ALK+ NSCLC. Relapses occur within a year, CNS-only or oligoprogression. Resistance mechanisms include ALK mutations, copy number alterations and bypass tracks.
Jan 16,2024 APIPterostilbene in Cancer Therapy
Pterostilbene shows promise as a cancer therapy agent. It inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in breast and cervical cancers, targeting key proteins and cancer stem cells.
Jan 16,2024 API2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine Production from Glucose by Genetically Modified Escherichia coli
Genetically modified E. coli can produce 2,5-Dimethyl pyrazine from glucose, showing potential for industrial-scale production with further improvements.
Jan 16,2024 APITungsten trioxide: Fabrication methods for EC films and Improvement of EC performance
Fabrication methods for Tungsten trioxide EC films include sputtering, sol-gel and hydrothermal. Nanostructuring, regulating crystallinity, and hybridization improve Tungsten trioxide EC performance.
Jan 16,2024 APISafety Evaluation of Tocopheryl acetate and its derivatives
Tocopheryl acetate is the synthetic form of vitamin E and the best choice for the treatment of vitamin E deficiency. It has antioxidant properties and is thought to protect cells from free radicals.
Jan 15,2024 APISilicon Tetrahydride: Properties, Applications in Dental Restorative Materials, and Safety Hazards
Silicon tetrahydride is a reactive, flammable, and toxic gas primarily used in amorphous silicon production, with dental applications for enhanced zirconia bonding. Safety precautions are necessary.
Jan 15,2024 APIFunction of D-serine in kidney
D-serine has therapeutic potential in kidney diseases due to its ability to promote cellular proliferation and address immune-related factors contributing to damage.
Jan 15,2024 APILanolin: A Compound for Alleviating Sore and Cracked Nipples during Lactation
Lanolin effectively reduces nipple pain and improves healing during lactation without negative effects on breastfeeding, mastitis, or exclusivity rate.
Jan 15,2024 APIAzilsartan as a Potent Antihypertensive Drug with Possible Pleiotropic Cardiometabolic Effects
Azilsartan, a prodrug and ARB, effectively treats hypertension by inhibiting AT1 receptors. It may provide metabolic benefits and potential organ protection, but further research is required.
Jan 15,2024 APIMecobalamin: mechanism, pharmacokinetics and metabolism
Mecobalamin treats B12 deficiency-related neuropathy, lowers homocysteine levels to reduce cardiovascular disease risks and shows high efficacy with various administration routes.
Jan 15,2024 API