Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
Gadolinium oxide: properties and biomedical applications
Gadolinium oxide is versatile for biomedicine and imaging. It's stable, enhances MRI contrast, has antimicrobial properties, and can be used for fluorescence labeling.
Aug 25,2023 APIVoglibose: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and safety
Voglibose is a α-glucosidase inhibitor for type 2 diabetes that can regulate blood glucose without causing hypoglycemia and may cause gastrointestinal side effects.
Aug 25,2023 APIPhenacetin: pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action and clinical applications
Phenacetin is absorbed orally, metabolized to paracetamol and inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. no longer widely used due to safety concerns.
Aug 23,2023 APID-tagatose: properties, drug applications and side effects
D-tagatose is a beneficial sugar substitute with various advantages, but excessive consumption may cause gastrointestinal side effects.
Aug 23,2023 APIBaloxavir marboxil: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and side effects
Baloxavir marboxil inhibits viral replication in influenza by inhibiting PA activity. It has good tolerability with mild side effects.
Aug 23,2023 APIBoldenone undecylenate: mechanism of action, application as veterinary drug and side effects
Boldenone undecylenate is a veterinary muscle growth drug that can bind androgen receptors, increase protein synthesis, masculinizing effects, behavioral changes.
Aug 22,2023 APIFludioxonil: pharmacokinetics, toxicity and emergency treatment
Fludioxonil, an agricultural fungicide, has complex exposure patterns and toxic effects, affecting different animal species and potentially causing health risks.
Aug 21,2023 API3,3',4,4'-Benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride: properties and applications in photoactive antibacterial cotton fabrics
3,3',4,4'-Benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride can be used as cross-linker for wrinkle-resistant fabrics and photo-reactive with antimicrobial properties under UVA light.
Aug 21,2023 API2,2',4,4'-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and toxictiy
2,2',4,4'-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone is a sunscreen that affects melanin production but can be toxic, causing various health issues.
Aug 21,2023 APIGrape seed extract: chemical composition and potential health benefits
Grape seed extract contains proanthocyanidins, which have potential health benefits against various diseases. Possible future pharmaceutical applications.
Aug 21,2023 API