Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
1,7-Dimethylxanthine: Pharmacokinetics, Activities and Toxicology
Paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, has longer half-life, less CNS stimulation. Enhances lipolysis, acts as diuretic. High doses can cause toxicity, affecting various organs/systems.
Jul 13,2023 APIAdenosine: Physiology, Clinical Applications and Safety
Adenosine is a nucleoside involved in cellular function. It has antiarrhythmic effects, potential cardioprotective properties, and can cause side effects when administered.
Jul 13,2023 APID-Mannitol: Properties and Applications
D-Mannitol is a non-hygroscopic sugar alcohol with various applications. It has low glycemic index, serves as a sweetener, and exhibits antioxidant effects.
Jul 12,2023 APIo-Phenylenediamine: applications in fluorescent and colorimetric sensors
o-Phenylenediamine is used to develop sensors for detecting heavy metal ions and organic molecules, offering high sensitivity and selectivity for environmental and health-related applications.
Jul 12,2023 APIEthyl lactate: application and safety
Ethyl lactate is a versatile solvent with applications in chromatography, soil remediation and extraction of bioactive compounds. It is generally recognized as safe.
Jul 12,2023 APIBrexpiprazole: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, application and side effect
Brexpiprazole is used for schizophrenia and MDD. It acts on multiple receptors, has long half-life and interacts with CYP enzymes. Side effects include nausea, constipation, headache, and weight gain.
Jul 12,2023 APIBis(4-hydroxyphenyl) Sulfone: unveiling the toxic effects and reproductive disruptions of a common compound
Recent scientific research has shed light on the toxic effects and reproductive disruptions caused by a commonly used compound, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone.
Jul 12,2023 APIBrigatinib: mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics and side effects
Brigatinib is a small-molecule targeted therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Adverse events include nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, cough, interstitial lung disease, etc.
Jul 12,2023 APIN-Phenyl-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide): properties, applications and safety
N-Phenyl-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) is a stable, non-reactive solid used in organic synthesis and battery production with handling precautions.
Jul 12,2023 APITriphenyl phosphite: properties and applications
Triphenyl phosphite plays a crucial role in organic synthesis, polymer preparation, and metal coordination chemistry, offering enhanced efficiency and selectivity in numerous chemical processes.
Jul 12,2023 API