| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
Epacadostat (INCB024360) | [CAS]
1204669-58-8 | [Synonyms]
CS-1617 INCB02436 INCN024360 Epacadostat (1204669-37-3) Epacadostat(INCN024360) INCB-24360(INCB-024360) Epacadostat(INCB024360) INCB 024360 , Epacadostat IDO inhibitor(INCB024360) INCB024360;INCB-024360;INCB 024360 Epacadostat (INCB24360, INCB024360) N-(3-Bromo-4-fluoro-phenyl)-N'-hydroxy-4-[2-(sulfamoylamino)ethylamino]-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carboxamidine (Z)-N-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N'-hydroxy-4-[2-(sulfamoylamino)ethylamino]-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carboxamidine (Z)-N-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N'-hydroxy-4-((2-(sulfamoylamino)ethyl)amino)-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carboximidamide [C(Z)]-4-[[2-[(Aminosulfonyl)amino]ethyl]amino]-N-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N'-hydroxy-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carboximidamide 1,2,5-Oxadiazole-3-carboximidamide, 4-[[2-[(aminosulfonyl)amino]ethyl]amino]-N-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N'-hydroxy-, [C(Z)]- | [Molecular Formula]
C11H13BrFN7O4S | [MDL Number]
MFCD26142934 | [MOL File]
1204669-58-8.mol | [Molecular Weight]
438.233 |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Melting point ]
159 - 161°C | [Boiling point ]
700.9±70.0 °C(Predicted) | [density ]
2.01±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) | [storage temp. ]
-20°C | [solubility ]
Soluble in DMSO (up to at least 25 mg/ml) | [form ]
solid | [pka]
7.65±0.69(Predicted) | [color ]
White | [Stability:]
Stable for 1 year from date of purchase as supplied. Solutions in DMSO may be stored at -20°C for up to 3 months. | [InChI]
InChI=1S/C11H13BrFN7O4S/c12-7-5-6(1-2-8(7)13)17-11(18-21)9-10(20-24-19-9)15-3-4-16-25(14,22)23/h1-2,5,16,21H,3-4H2,(H,15,20)(H,17,18)(H2,14,22,23) | [InChIKey]
FBKMWOJEPMPVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [SMILES]
C(/C1=NON=C1NCCNS(=O)(=O)N)(=N\O)\NC1C=C(Br)C(F)=CC=1 |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Description]
Epacadostat is an inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) with an IC50 value of 7.1 nM in HeLa cells that demonstrates little activity against the related enzymes IDO2 or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO).1 It has been shown to promote T and natural killer-cell growth, to increase IFN-γ production, and to reduce conversion to regulatory T (Treg)-like cells in a coculture system of human allogeneic lymphocytes with either dendritic cells or tumor cells.1 Epacadostat can also inhibit tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice in a lymphocyte-dependent manner.1 | [Uses]
Epacadostat is a potent and novel indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) inhibitor with IC50 of 10 nM. It has high selectivity over IDO2 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). | [Synthesis]
GENERAL STEPS: To a 20 L glass reactor was added N-[2-(4-[4-[4-(3-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-ylamino)ethyl]sulfonamide (799.4 g, 1.72 mol) and tetrahydrofuran (3.2 L). The resulting solution was stirred at 20 °C for 7 min. Water (1.6 L) was then added. The reaction mixture was cooled to 2 °C and 30 wt% sodium hydroxide solution (475 mL, 666.4 g, 4.99 mol, 2.9 eq.) was added slowly over 8 min. The reaction mixture was warmed to 20 °C and kept at this temperature for 16 hours. Next, methyl tert-butyl ether (8.0 L) was added to the reaction mixture over 23 minutes. After addition of water (2.7 L), the reaction mixture was cooled to about 0°C. Subsequently, 85 wt% phosphoric acid (370.7 g, 3.22 mol, 1.9 eq.) was slowly added over 9 min. The reaction mixture was warmed to 20 °C and stirred for 1 hour. After standing and stratifying, the phases were separated. The organic phase was retained in the reactor and water (2.9 L) and 85 wt% phosphoric acid (370.7 g, 3.22 mol) were added and stirred at 20 °C for 1 hour. Layering was again allowed to stand and the phases were separated. The organic phase was retained in the reactor and water (3.2 L) was added and stirred at 20 °C for 1 hour. Leave to stratify and separate the phases. The organic phase was retained in the reactor and distilled under reduced pressure at 20 °C to remove 3.4 kg of distillate. Ethanol (4.8 L) was added to the residue and the mixture was distilled to a volume of 3.2 L. This distillation process was repeated once. Ethanol (0.6 L) was added to adjust the volume to 4 L. The reaction mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 16 h. Water (6.39 L) was subsequently added. The resulting slurry was stirred for 5 h at 20 °C. The product was collected by filtration and washed twice with a mixture of ethanol (529 mL) and water (1059 mL). The product was dried under reduced pressure at 45 °C for 65 h to afford the target compound (719.6 g, 95.4%) as a white solid.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 11.51 (s, 1H), 8.90 (s, 1H), 7.17 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J = 6.1, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (m, 1H), 6.71 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 2H), 6.23 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (dd, J = 10.9, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.10 (dd, J = 12.1, 6.2 Hz, 2H); C11H13BrFN7O4S ( MW 438.23), LCMS (EI) m/e 437.9/439.9 (M+ + H). | [in vivo]
Female Balb/c mice bearing CT26 tumors are treated orally twice daily for 12 d with Epacadostat at 100 mg/kg. Epacadostat (INCB 024360) suppresses kynurenine equivalently in plasma, tumors, and lymph nodes. In na ve C57BL/6 mice, 50 mg/kg Epacadostat (INCB 024360) decreases plasma kynurenine levels within 1 hour and those levels stay at least 50% suppressed through the 8-hour time course[2]. | [target]
IDO1 | [IC 50]
IDO1: 71.8 nM (IC50) | [References]
1) Liu?et al.?(2010),?Selective inhibition of IDO1 effectively regulates mediators of antitumor immunity;?Blood?115?3520
2) Koblish?et al.?(2010),?Hydroxyamidine Inhibitors of Indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase Potently Suppress Systemic Tryptophan Catabolism and the Growth of IDO-Expressing Tumors;?Mol. Cancer Ther.?9?489
3) Jochems?et al.?(2016),?The IDO1 selective inhibitor epacadostat enhances dendritic cell immunogenicity and lytic ability of tumor antigen-specific T cells;?Oncotarget?7?37762
4) Yentz and Smith (2018),?Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase Inhibition as a Strategy to Augment Cancer Immunotherapy;?BioDrugs?32?311
5) Zhu??et al.?(2019),?Indoleamine Dioxygenase Inhibitors: Clinical Rationale and Current Development;?Curr. Oncol. Rep.?21?2
6) Mitchell?et al.?(2018),?Epacadostat Plus Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: Phase I Results From a Multicenter, Open-Label Phase I/II Trial (ECHO-202/KEYNOTE-037);?J. Clin. Oncol.?36?3223 |
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