| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
Sinegin 3 | [CAS]
35906-36-6 | [Synonyms]
Sinegin 3
Senegin III
Onjisaponin B
Onjisaponin B, >=98%
Olean-12-ene-23,28-dioic acid, 3-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,27-dihydroxy-, 28-[O-6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-[O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-6-deoxy-α-L-mannopyranosyl-(1→2)]-6-deoxy-4-O-[(2E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl]-β-D-galactopyranosyl] ester, (2β,3β,... | [Molecular Formula]
C75H112O35 | [MDL Number]
MFCD28124358 | [MOL File]
35906-36-6.mol | [Molecular Weight]
1573.67 |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [density ]
1.54±0.1 g/cm3 (20 ºC 760 Torr) | [solubility ]
Soluble in Chloroform,Dichloromethane,Ethyl Acetate,DMSO,Acetone,etc. | [form ]
Powder | [pka]
4.14±0.70(Predicted) | [color ]
White to off-white |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
White crystalline powder, soluble in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and DMSO. It is derived from Polygala tenuifolia Willd. | [Uses]
Onjisaponin B is an orally active natural product derived from Polygala tenuifolia. Onjisaponin B inhibits NF-κB p65. Onjisaponin B enhances autophagy and accelerates the degradation of mutant α-synuclein and huntingtin. Onjisaponin B reduces β-amyloid (Aβ) production. Onjisaponin B reduces radiation-induced cell apoptosis. Onjisaponin B has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Onjisaponin B can be used for neurological disease and radiation injury study, and its metabolite tenuifolin (TF) can enter the brain through the BBB[1][2][3][4]. | [Definition]
ChEBI: Senegin III is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Polygala senega var latifolia and has been shown to exhibit hypoglycemic activity. It has a role as a hypoglycemic agent and a plant metabolite. It is a cinnamate ester, a hydroxy monocarboxylic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid and a triterpenoid saponin. It is functionally related to a 4-methoxycinnamic acid. It derives from a hydride of an oleanane. | [in vivo]
Onjisaponin B (40 mg/kg; i.g.; once) cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but its metabolite tenuifolin (TF) can enter the brain through the BBB in mice[2].
Onjisaponin B (20-40 mg/kg; i.g.; daily for 12 days) ameliorates dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration in a MPTP (HY-15608)-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities mediated via the RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway[2].
Onjisaponin B (10 mg/kg; p.o.; daily from 4 to 7 months of age) reduces β-amyloid production and improve cognitive impairments in transgenic mice[3].
Onjisaponin B (2.5 mg/kg; p.o.; 4 days prior to irradiation) significantly reduces pathological changes and apoptosis and the nuclear translocation of p65 in the lung tissue of p65+/- mice following radiation[4].
| Animal Model: | C57BL/6J-Relaem1Smoc mice (p65+/- mice)[4] | | Dosage: | 2.5 mg/kg | | Administration: | Oral gavage (p.o.); 4 days prior to irradiation | | Result: | Inhibited p65 and cas3 activation caused by p65, and significantly reduced pathological changes and apoptosis (caused by down-regulation of p65) and the nuclear translocation of p65 in the lung tissue of p65+/- mice following radiation, but not in the thymus. |
| Animal Model: | C57BL/6J mice (male, 12 weeks old)[2] | | Dosage: | 20, 40 mg/kg | | Administration: | Intragastric gavage (i.g.); daily for 12 days | | Result: | Had a neuroprotective effect on MPTP (HY-15608) induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) model mice.
Recovered MPTP-induced motor impairment.
Reduced the number of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1)-positive cells, suppressed microglial activation induced by MPTP.
Inhibited the secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6.
Decreased MDA levels but increased SOD levels, exerted antioxidant abilities in PD model mice.
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| Animal Model: | APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) double-transgenic mice[3] | | Dosage: | 10 mg/kg (200 μL (1 mg/mL) per 20 g body weight) | | Administration: | Oral gavage (p.o.); daily from 4 to 7 months of age | | Result: | No obvious toxic effects in mice.
Did not alter mouse locomotor activity.
Ameliorated cognitive impairments in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/ presenilin 1 (PS1) mice.
Showed significantly lower numbers of 6E10-positive Aβ plaque and reduced plaque area.
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| [References]
[1] Wu AG, et al. Onjisaponin B derived from Radix Polygalae enhances autophagy and accelerates the degradation of mutant α-synuclein and huntingtin in PC-12 cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Nov 15;14(11):22618-41. DOI:10.3390/ijms141122618
[2] Peng F, et al. The onjisaponin B metabolite tenuifolin ameliorates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroreport. 2020 Apr 8;31(6):456-465. DOI:10.1097/WNR.0000000000001428
[3] Li X, et al. Traditional Chinese Nootropic Medicine Radix Polygalae and Its Active Constituent Onjisaponin B Reduce β-Amyloid Production and Improve Cognitive Impairments. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 8;11(3):e0151147. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0151147
[4] Wang TY, et al. Targeting p65 to inhibit Cas3 transcription by Onjisaponin B for radiation damage therapy in p65+/- mice. Phytomedicine. 2022 Sep;104:154317. DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154317 |
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