| Identification | More | [Name]
Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate | [CAS]
62637-93-8 | [Synonyms]
TMO
TRIMETHYLAMINE N-OXIDE DIHYDRATE
TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE DIHYDRATE
methanamineoxide,n,n-dimethyl,dihydrate
n,n-dimethylmethanamineoxide,dihydrate
trimethylammoniumoxidhydrat
TMANO
TrimethylamineN-oxidedihydrate,98%
TRIMETHYLAMINE N-OXIDE DIHYDRA
Trimethylamine N-Oxide-D9
Methanamine, N,N-dimethyl-, N-oxide, dihydrate
Trimethylamine-N-oxide 2-hydrate | [EINECS(EC#)]
214-675-6 | [Molecular Formula]
C3H13NO3 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00149077 | [Molecular Weight]
111.14 | [MOL File]
62637-93-8.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
white crystalline powder | [Melting point ]
95-99 °C(lit.)
| [Fp ]
95 °C
| [storage temp. ]
Sealed in dry,Room Temperature | [solubility ]
DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Sparingly) | [form ]
Fine Crystalline Powder | [color ]
White to off-white | [Water Solubility ]
Soluble in water, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol. Sparingly soluble in hot chloroform. Insoluble in diethyl ether, benzene and hydrocarbon solvents. | [Detection Methods]
T,NMR | [Merck ]
14,9710 | [BRN ]
3612927 | [Cosmetics Ingredients Functions]
FRAGRANCE
HUMECTANT | [InChI]
InChI=1S/C3H9NO.2H2O/c1-4(2,3)5;;/h1-3H3;2*1H2 | [InChIKey]
PGFPZGKEDZGJQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [SMILES]
[N+]([O-])(C)(C)C.O.O | [CAS DataBase Reference]
62637-93-8(CAS DataBase Reference) | [Storage Precautions]
Moisture sensitive |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
Xi,Xn | [Risk Statements ]
R36/38:Irritating to eyes and skin .
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed . | [Safety Statements ]
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S36:Wear suitable protective clothing .
S37/39:Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection . | [WGK Germany ]
2
| [RTECS ]
YH2850000
| [F ]
4.10 | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HS Code ]
29211990 | [Storage Class]
11 - Combustible Solids | [Hazard Classifications]
Eye Irrit. 2
Skin Irrit. 2 |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
white crystalline powder | [Uses]
Oxidizing reagent in organic synthesis. | [Uses]
Trimethylamine N-Oxide Dihydrate is as an oxygen transfer agent used to promote heterometallic cluster catalyzing coordinative hydrogenation. Trimethylamine N-Oxide Dihydrate is also used as a catalyst in the preparation of thermally stable TiO2 nanorod incorporated polymers and semiconductor/metal nanocomposites. | [General Description]
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an amphiphilic osmolyte that can counteract the denaturing effects of urea, pressure, and ice and stabilize the proteins. | [reaction suitability]
reagent type: oxidant | [in vivo]
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) dihydrate contributes to cardiovascular diseases by promoting inflammatory responses. C57BL/6 mice are fed a normal diet, high-choline diet and/or 3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) diet. The levels of Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate and choline are increased in choline-fed mice. Left ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary congestion, and diastolic dysfunction are markedly exacerbated in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) mice fed high-choline diets compared with mice fed the control diet. Myocardial fibrosis and inflammation were markedly increased in HFpEF mice fed high-choline diets compared with animals fed the control diet[1].
Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) can be used in animal modeling to construct models of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases[1].
Induction of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases
Background
Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) stimulated cardiac hypertrophy, as indicated by increased cell area of cardiomyocytes and expression of hypertrophic markers including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and beta-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC). Additionally, Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis in SD rats[2].
Specific Mmodeling Methods
Rats: Wistar? male? weighing 200-250 g[1]
Administration: 100 μM and 1 mM? perfusion or incubation in TMAO-containing buffer solution? incubated for 1 h[1]
Mice: CD-1? male? weighing 25-30 g? 6-8 weeks of age[1]
Administration: 120 mg/kg? mixed with drinking water? a single dose or daily for 7 days[1]
Note
(1)Rat hearts were perfused, and aortic rings from each experimental animal were immersed in K+-H+ buffer solution with or without the addition of Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) (100 μM final concentration). After 1 h of perfusion or incubation, the tissue samples were washed to eliminate the residues of TMAO-containing buffer solution and further homogenized with water in an OMNI Bead Ruptor 24 at a w/v ratio of 1:10[1].
(2)All experimental animals were housed under standard conditions (21-23℃, 12-hour light/dark cycle, relative humidity 45-65%) with unlimited access to food (R70 diet) and water[1].
(3)The mice from the first experimental group received Isoproterenol (HY-B1670A) at a dose of 10 μg/mouse, but the animals from the second group received Isoproterenol (HY-B1670A) and Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) at doses of 10 μg/mouse and 120 mg/kg, respectively. After 30 min, the experimental animals were anesthetized with isoflurane once more to record the cardiac response to acute cardiac stress and the impact of Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) on the inotropic and chronotropic effects. For the next seven days, the mice in the second group received Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) together with drinking water at a dose of 120 mg/kg, while the animals from the first group received pure drinking water[1].
Modeling Indicators
Molecular changes: The addition of 100 μM Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) to the buffer solution increased the content of Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) in cardiac tissue by three and in the aortic rings by two points five times[1].
Pathology change: Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) had no influence on Isoproterenol (HY-B1670A)-induced increase on left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening and heart rate[1].
Histological analysis: Promote myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation in a model of cardiovascular disease (CVD)[3].
Correlated Product(s):Isoproterenol (HY-B1670A) 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (HY-W012977) | [IC 50]
Human Endogenous Metabolite; NLRP3; Microbial Metabolite |
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