| Identification | More | [Name]
Iridium | [CAS]
7439-88-5 | [Synonyms]
IRIDIUM
IR000210
IR005140
IR005102
IR005118
IR005131
IR007930
IR007920
IR005136
IR005110
IR005106
IR005125
IR005133
IR000220
IR005100
IR005132
IR005120
IR005105
IR005115
IR005130
IR005141
IR000205
IR005135
IR000201
IR000200
IR004500
IR005150
IR000215
Iridium C
iridium atom
Iridium wire
Iridium foil
IRIDIUM METAL
IRIDIUM BLACK
IridiuM carbon
IRIDIUM PELLET
IRIDIUM POWDER
IRIDIUM SPONGE
IridiuM aluMina
IRIDIUM STANDARD
IridiumblackNIrmg
Iridiumfoil(99.8%)
Iridiumwire(99.7%)
Iridiumwire(99.8%)
IRIDIUM ON ALUMINA
Iridium black, 98+%
Iridium foil25x25mm
Iridium powder (Ir)
MUELLER HINTON BLOOD
IridiumslugsNcagslug
Iridiumpowder(99.8%)
IRIDIUM ICP STANDARD
Iridium,99.9%,powder
Iridiumslugs(99.99%)
Iridium black powder
Iridium Nanoparticles
Iridiumsponge(99.95%)
Iridiumblack(99.9%Ir)
IridiumwireNmmdiacagm
Iridium metal, sponge
0.127MM DIA. (~0.3G/M)
IRIDIUM, POWDER, 99.9%
PRESTON BROTH 10X225ML
IridiumfoilNmmthickgxmm
IRIDIUM, POWDER, 99.90%
0.5MM THICK (~0.22G/5CM)
Iridium wire (99.7%) 2N7
Iridium wire (99.8%) 2N8
Iridium foil (99.8%) 2N8
Iridium slugs(99.99%) 4N
IridiumwireNmmthickcagcm
Iridium standard solution
IridiumfoilNmmthickcagxmm
IRIDIUM POWDER: 99.8% 2N8
IridiuM, 325 Mesh, Powder
Iridium Wire/Φ0.1mm/99.9%
Iridium Wire/Φ0.25mm/99.9%
Iridium Wire/Φ0.50mm/99.9%
Iridium Wire/Φ0.15mm/99.9%
Iridium on silicon reduced
Iridium on alumina reduced
IRIDIUM STICKS 0.5 MM 99%
Iridium sponge (99.95%) 3N5
Iridium standard for AAS
IRIDIUM BLACK: 3N (99.9%IR)
IRIDIUM ON ACTIVATED CARBON
Iridium ISO 9001：2015 REACH
IridiumpowderNbluegraypowder
Iridium metal powder -20 Mesh
Iridium on calcium carbonated
IRIDIUM, AAS STANDARD SOLUTION
Iridium metal powder, -100 Mesh
Iridium metal powder, -200 Mesh
Iridium metal powder, -325 Mesh
IRIDIUM SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD
Iridium, sponge -20 mesh 99.95%
IRIDIUM METAL POWDER extrapure
Iridium sheet/0.5x10x10mm/99.9%
Iridium sheet/0.5x15x15mm/99.9%
Iridium sheet/0.5x25x25mm/99.9%
Iridium sheet/1.0x10x10mm/99.9%
Iridium sheet/1.0x15x15mm/99.9%
Iridium sheet/1.0x25x25mm/99.9%
IRIDIUM PLASMA EMISSION STANDARD
IridiumspongeNmeshbluegraypowder
IRIDIUM, SPONGE, -20 MESH, 99.9%
Iridium wire, diam 1.0 mm, 99.8%
Iridium powder, -22 mesh, 99.99%
Iridium foil, 1.5 mm thick, 99.9%
IRIDIUM, FOIL, 0.1MM THICK, 99.5%
IRIDIUM, WIRE, 0.5MM DIAM., 99.9%
IRIDIUM, PLASMA STANDARD SOLUTION
IRIDIUM: 99.9%, WIRE, 0.125MM DIA.
IRIDIUM: 99.9%, POWDER, -60 MICRON
IRIDIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD
IRIDIUM, WIRE, 0.15MM DIAM., 99.9%
IRIDIUM, FOIL, 0.07MM THICK, 99.5%
Iridium wire, 0.5mm (0.02 in.) dia.
Iridium wire, 1.0mm (0.04 in.) dia.
Iridium on activated carbon reduced
Iridium foil, 0.5mm (0.02 in.) thick
Iridium foil, 1.0mm (0.04 in.) thick
Iridium nanopowder APS 20-30 nm, 99%+
Iridium wire, 0.075mm (0.003 in.) dia.
Iridium foil, 0.05mm (0.002 in.) thick
Iridium wire, 0.125mm (0.005 in.) dia.
TUBE,LYMPH,SODA GLASS,90MM X 1.5MM BORE
Iridium black powder, Type HS (25 m2/g)
Iridium pellet, &ap:1.3cm (0.5 in.) dia.
IRIDIUM ICP STANDARD IRCL3 IN HCL 7% 100
Iridium black, 99.95% trace metals basis
Iridium shot, 6 to 7mm (0.24 to 0.28 in.)
IridiuM black, 99% Ir, Product of UMicore
IridiuM, 99.9%, (trace Metal basis), powder
IRIDIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION
Iridium, AAS standard solution, Ir 1000μg/mL
IRIDIUM PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
Iridium plasma standard solution, Ir 1000μg/mL
IRIDIUM, FOIL, 0.25MM THICK, 99.9% METALS BASIS
Iridium powder, -325 mesh, 99.9% (metals basis)
Iridium wire, 1.0mm dia., 99.5% trace metals basis
Iridium powder, -325 mesh, 99.9% trace metals basis
Iridium powder, -22 mesh, 99.99% trace metals basis
Iridium powder, -60 mesh, 99.95% trace metals basis
Iridium wire, 0.25mm dia., 99.5% trace metals basis
Iridium wire, 0.125mm dia., 99.9% trace metals basis
Iridium sponge, -100 mesh, 99.995% trace metals basis
Iridium wire, diam. 0.15 mm, 99.9% trace metals basis
Iridium powder, -22 mesh, Premion, 99.99% (metals basis)
Iridium, AAS standard solution, Specpure(R), Ir 1000μg/ml
Iridium wire, 0.075mm (0.003in) dia, 99.9% (metals basis)
Iridium powder, -22 mesh, Premion(R), 99.99% (metals basis)
Iridium, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), Ir 1000μg/ml
Iridium slug, 6.0mm (0.24 in.) dia. x 6.0mm (0.24 in.) length
Iridium slug, 6.0mm (0.24 in.) dia. x 12.0mm (0.48 in.) length
Iridium foil, 0.25mm (0.01 in.) thick, Hard, Temper: as rolled
Iridium, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), Ir 10,000μg/ml
Iridium sputtering target, diam. x thickness 50.8 mm × 2 mm, 99.9%+
Iridium, evaporation slug, 0.6cm diam. x 1.2cm length, 99.9% metals basis
Iridium slug, 6.0mm (0.24in) dia x 12.0mm (0.48in) length, 99.8% min. (metals basis) | [EINECS(EC#)]
231-095-9 | [Molecular Formula]
Ir | [MDL Number]
MFCD00011062 | [Molecular Weight]
192.22 | [MOL File]
7439-88-5.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Definition]
Metallic element of atomic number 77, one of the
platinum metals, group VIII of the periodic table,
aw 192.22, valences = 1,2,3,4,6, two stable isotopes. | [Appearance]
Black Powder | [Melting point ]
2450 °C (lit.) | [Boiling point ]
4130 °C (lit.) | [density ]
1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
| [storage temp. ]
Flammables area | [solubility ]
Soluble in aqua regia. | [form ]
wire
| [color ]
White to pale yellow | [Specific Gravity]
22.421 | [Resistivity]
4.71 μΩ-cm | [Water Solubility ]
INSOLUBLE | [Merck ]
13,5102 | [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: Ceiling 2 ppm
OSHA: Ceiling 5 ppm(7 mg/m3)
NIOSH: IDLH 50 ppm; Ceiling 5 ppm(7 mg/m3) | [History]
Discovered in 1803 by Tennant in the residue left when crude platinum is dissolved by aqua regia. The name iridium is appropriate, for its salts are highly colored. Iridium, a metal of the platinum family, is white, similar to platinum, but with a slight yellowish cast. It is very hard and brittle, making it very hard to machine, form, or work. It is the most corrosion-resistant metal known, and was used in making the standard meterbar of Paris, which is a 90% platinum–10% iridium alloy. This meter bar was replaced in 1960 as a fundamental unit of length (see under Krypton). Iridium is not attacked by any of the acids nor by aqua regia, but is attacked by molten salts, such as NaCl and NaCN. Iridium occurs uncombined in nature with platinum and other metals of this family in alluvial deposits. It is recovered as a by-product from the nickel mining industry. The largest reserves and production of the platinum group of metals, which includes iridium, is in South Africa, followed by Russia and Canada. The U.S. has only one active mine, located at Nye, MT. The presence of iridium has recently been used in examining the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary. Meteorites contain small amounts of iridium. Because iridium is found widely distributed at the K-T boundary, it has been suggested that a large meteorite or asteroid collided with the Earth, killing the dinosaurs, and creating a large dust cloud and crater. Searches for such a crater point to one in the Yucatan, known as Chicxulub. Iridium has found use in making crucibles and apparatus for use at high temperatures. It is also used for electrical contacts. Its principal use is as a hardening agent for platinum. With osmium, it forms an alloy that is used for tipping pens and compass bearings. The specific gravity of iridium is only very slightly lower than that of osmium, which has been generally credited as being the heaviest known element. Calculations of the densities of iridium and osmium from the space lattices give values of 22.65 and 22.61 g/cm3, respectively. These values may be more reliable than actual physical measurements. At present, therefore, we know that either iridium or osmium is the densest known element, but the data do not yet allow selection between the two. Natural iridium contains two stable isotopes. Forty-five other isotopes, all radioactive, are now recognized. Iridium (99.9%) costs about $100/g. | [CAS DataBase Reference]
7439-88-5(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Iridium(7439-88-5) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
7439-88-5(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
F,Xi | [Risk Statements ]
R36:Irritating to the eyes.
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .
R11:Highly Flammable. | [Safety Statements ]
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection . | [RIDADR ]
UN 3089 4.1/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
3
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
4.1 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [HS Code ]
28439000 | [Hazardous Substances Data]
7439-88-5(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Description]
Iridium metal was detected in the black residue of aqua regia extract of platinum and identified as an element by British chemist Smithson Tennant in 1803. Around the same time, existence of this new metal was proposed by Vauquelin and deFourcroy in France in the course of their extraction of platinum by aqua regia. Tennant named this element Iridium after the Greek word, Iris, meaning rainbow.
Iridium occurs in small amounts in native platinum or platinum metal alloys. Iridium and osmium together constitute “osmiridium,” which is resistant to chemical attack and is a byproduct of platinum extraction.
| [Chemical Properties]
Iridium (CASRN 7439-88-5) is a hard, brittle, yellowish- white metal that can withstand high temperatures and has a BP of 4428 °C (Lide, 2006). It is the most corrosion resistant metal known (Lide, 2006). Its resistance to high temperatures makes it attractive for making crucibles and other apparatuses that must withstand extreme temperatures. Iridium may be the densest element discovered (Lide, 2006).
| [Uses]
The most important use of iridium is as an alloying metal for platinum and palladium. Such alloys are used for jewelry, decorative purposes, electrical contacts, thermocouples, crucibles, electrodes, hypodermic needles, and medical accessories. Iridium enhances resistance of platinum to chemical attack and corrosion. It also enhances hardness and tensile strength. The radioisotope Ir-192 is used in examination of ferrous welds and in other radiographic applications.
| [Reactions]
At ordinary temperatures iridium exhibits strong resistance to chemical attack. At elevated temperatures of about 600°C, iridium metal combines with oxygen to form a coating of iridium dioxide, IrO2. Similarly, the metal reacts with halogens only at elevated temperatures. It reacts with fluorine at 250°C, forming iridium hexafluoride, IrF6, and, to a lesser extent, iridium tetrachloride IrCl4. Heating with chlorine at 600°C produces iridium trichloride, IrCl3. Iridium forms alloys with several metals—mostly platinum group metals.
Iridium does not react with concentrated acids or with molten alkalies.
|
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Physical properties]
Iridium is a hard, brittle, white, metallic substance that is almost impossible to machine.It is neither ductile nor malleable. Iridium will only oxidize at high temperatures and is themost corrosive-resistant metal known. This is why it was used to make the standard meter barthat is an alloy of 90% platinum and 10% iridium.
At about the time of the French Revolution, it was decided to determine the length ofthe meter bar by first calculating the distance from the North Pole to the equator runningthrough Paris. This distance was then divided into equal lengths of 1/10,000,000. A singleunit of this distance was then called a “meter” (“measure” in Greek). This platinum-iridiummeter bar, currently preserved in France, was for many years the standard unit of lengthin the metric system that is based on the decimal system. However, this metal bar is nolonger used as the standard meter. Instead, the meter is now defined by scientists in termsof the length of the path traveled by light in a vacuum at the time of 1/299,792,458 of asecond.
Iridium is highly resistant to attack by other chemicals and is one of the most dense elementsfound on Earth. Its melting point is 2,410°C, its boiling point is 4,130°C, and itsdensity is 22.560 g/cm3. | [Isotopes]
There are 55 isotopes of iridium, two of which are stable and account for theelement’s total existence on Earth. Those two are Ir-191, which makes up 37.3% of theamount in the Earth’s crust, and Ir-193, which constitutes 62.7% of iridium’s existenceon Earth. All the other 53 isotopes of iridium are radioactive with half-lives ranging froma few microseconds to a few hours or days and up to a few hundred years. Theseunstable isotopes are all artificially produced. | [Origin of Name]
The name iridium comes from the Latin word iris, meaning “rainbow,”
because of the element’s highly colored salts. | [Occurrence]
Iridium is the 83rd most abundant element and is found mixed with platinum, osmium,and nickel ores. The minerals containing iridium are found in Russia, South Africa, Canada,and Alaska.
Iridium metal is separated from its other metal ores when the combined minerals aredissolved with a strong acid know as aqua regia, which is a mixture of 25% nitric acid and75% hydrochloric acid. Aqua regia is the only acid that will dissolve platinum and gold.Once the platinum and other metals are dissolved, the iridium, which is insoluble in thisstrong acid, becomes the residue. The refined iridium ends up in the form of either powderor crystals.
An interesting story as to how most of the iridium appeared on Earth was explainedrecently by scientists who discovered a thin layer of iridium in the sediments that were laiddown in the Earth’s crust at the end of the Cretaceous period. This was a period about 65 millionyears ago when meteors and asteroids crashed into the Earth. These extraterrestrial bodiescontained a high percentage of iridium. Dust from the impact spread around the Earth andblocked the sun for months, resulting in the extinction of many plants and animals, includingthe dinosaurs. This extensive dust cloud also deposited a thin coat of the element iridium thatwas contained in the fiery bolides. | [Characteristics]
Iridium is one of the so-called platinum group of 6 transition elements (Ru, Rh, and Pd ofperiod 5 and Os, Ir, and Pt of period 6). It is resistant to strong acids, including aqua regia.It is the only metal that can be used in equipment that must withstand temperatures up to2,300°C or 4,170°F. Iridium can be poured into casts after it becomes molten. As it cools, itbecomes crystalline and, while in this state, can be pulled into wires and formed into sheets.Unlike steel, which becomes more malleable (less brittle) after annealing (a process of heatingfollowed by slowly cooling), iridium is just the opposite—it becomes more brittle and impossibleto work into shapes after cooling. | [Hazard]
The elemental metal form of iridium is almost completely inert and does not oxidizeat room temperatures. But, as with several of the other metals in the platinum group,several of iridium’s compounds are toxic. The dust and powder should not be inhaled oringested. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Nonflammable | [Industrial uses]
Iridium (symbol Ir) is a grayish-white metal ofextreme hardness. It is insoluble in all acids andin aqua regia. The melting point is 2447°C, andthe specific gravity is 22.50. It occurs naturallywith the metal osmium as an alloy, known asosmiridium, 30 to 60% osmium, used chieflyfor making fountain-pen points and instrumentpivots.
Iridium is employed as a hardener for platinum,the jewelry alloys usually containing10%. With 35% iridium the tensile strength ofplatinum is increased to 965 MPa. Iridium wireis used in spark plugs because it resists attackof leaded aviation fuels.
Because of its scarcity and high cost, applications of iridium are severely limited. Although iridium metal and many of its complex compounds are good catalysts, no large-scale commercial application for these has been developed. In general, other platinum metals have superior catalytic properties. Platinum-iridium alloys are used for electrodes in spark plugs that are unusually resistant to fouling by antiknock lead additives. Iridium rhodium thermocouples are used for high-temperature applications, where they have unique stability. | [Purification Methods]
Iridium is a silver white hard solid which oxidises on the surface in air. Scrape the outer tarnished layer until silver clear and store it under paraffin. It is stable to acids but dissolves in aqua regia. [Gilchrist Chem Rev 32 277 1943.] | [Structure and conformation]
The space lattice of Ir belongs to the cubic system, and its face-centered cubic lattice has a lattice
constant of a=0.38312 nm and Ir–Ir=0.2709 nm (18℃). |
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