| Identification | More | [Name]
RHENIUM | [CAS]
7440-15-5 | [Synonyms]
RPMI
RHENIUM
RE005105
RE005110
RE005140
RE005115
RE005125
RE005130
RE005108
RE005106
RE005120
RE005112
NSC 600662
Rhenium rod
Rhenium (5%)
RheniuM wire
rhenium atom
Rhenium foil
RHENIUM METAL
Rhenium (10%)
Rhenium powder
Rhenium pellets
Rhenium element
Rhenium solution
RHENIUM, 99.997%
Rhenium Nanorods
RHENIUM STANDARD
Rhenium(0)-carbonyl
Rhenium on carbon
Rhenium foil25x25mm
RHENIUM ICP STANDARD
Rheniumrodmmdiameter
RheniumwireNmmdiacagm
Rhenium,99.99%,powder
Rhenium foil (99.9+%)
Rhenium foil (99.99%)
Rhenium wire (99.97%)
Rheniumpowder(99.99%)
RHENIUM, FLAKE, 99.9%
Rhenium(O)-Carbonyl99%
Rhenium, Powder 22 Mesh
RHENIUM FOIL: 99.9%, 3N+
RHENIUM FOIL: 99.99%, 4N
RHENIUM, POWDER, 99.995%
Rhenium pellets (99.99%)
Rhenium on carbon, 5% Re
RheniumfoilNmmthickcagxmm
Rhenium (O)-Carbonyl, 99%
Rhenium ingot， mirror (Re)
Rhenium nitrate solution
Rhenium, powder, -325 Mesh
Rhenium standard for AAS
RHENIUM PELLETS: 99.99%, 4N
Rhenium Wire/Φ0.25mm/99.99%
Rhenium Wire/Φ0.50mm/99.99%
Rhenium Wire/Φ1.00mm/99.99%
RHENIUM ISO 9001：2015 REACH
RheniumpelletsNmmdiaxmmlong
Rhenium,5%oncarbon,unreduced
Rhenium,10%oncarbon,unreduced
RHENIUM, AAS STANDARD SOLUTION
Rheniumoncarbonunreducedpowder
Rhenium, Powder 22 Mesh 99.999%
RHENIUM SINGLE ELEMENT STANDARD
RHENIUM PLASMA EMISSION STANDARD
Rhenium powder (99.99%) PURATREM
Rhenium, Powder 325 Mesh 99.997%
RHENIUM, PLASMA STANDARD SOLUTION
Rhenium,99.98%,foil, 0.1 mm thick
RHENIUM, FOIL, 1.0MM THICK, 99.98%
RHENIUM, FOIL, 0.1MM THICK, 99.98%
RHENIUM, POWDER, -100 MESH, 99.9+%
RHENIUM, WIRE, 1.0MM DIAM., 99.9+%
RHENIUM, WIRE, 0.5MM DIAM., 99.9+%
RHENIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD
Rhenium wire, 1.0mm (0.04 in.) dia.
Rhenium on 1/8-inch alumina pellets
RHENIUM, FOIL, 0.25MM THICK, 99.98%
RHENIUM WIRE 0.25MM DIAM. 99.9+%
RHENIUM, FOIL, 0.025MM THICK, 99.98%
RheniuM, 1% on 2.5MM aluMina spheres
RHENIUM ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
Rhenium wire, 0.25mm (0.01 in.) dia.
Rhenium foil, 1.0mm (0.04 in.) thick
Rhenium foil, 0.1mm (0.004 in.) thick
Rhenium rod, 4.7-5mm diameter, 99,97%
Rhenium , pellet / foil / filiform (Rh)
RHENIUM ICP STANDARD TRACEABLE TO SRM FR
RHENIUM RIBBON 0.025MM THICK &
RHENIUM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD SOLUTION
Rhenium, AAS standard solution, Re 1000μg/mL
RHENIUM PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY STANDARD
RHENIUM, ROD, 4MM DIAM. X 25MM LENGTH,99 .99%
Rhenium on 1/8-inch alumina pellets, (0.5% Re)
Rhenium foil, 0.5mm (0.02 in.) thick, Annealed
Rhenium wire, 0.1mm (0.004 in.) dia., Annealed
Rhenium plasma standard solution, Re 10000μg/mL
Rhenium wire, 0.5mm dia., 99.95% trace metals basis
Rhenium wire, 1.0mm dia., 99.95% trace metals basis
Rhenium powder, -325 mesh, 99.99% trace metals basis
Rhenium powder, -22 mesh, 99.999% trace metals basis
Rhenium slug, 12.7mm dia., 99.99% trace metals basis
Rhenium wire, 0.25mm dia., 99.95% trace metals basis
RHENIUM, 5% ON CARBON, UNREDUCED: 50-140 MESH POWDER
Rhenium slug, 12.7mm (0.5 in.) dia., &ap:6.35mm long
Rhenium powder, -100 mesh, >=99.9% trace metals basis
Rhenium wire, 1.0mm (0.04in) dia, 99.97% (metals basis)
Rhenium slug, 12.7mm (0.5in) dia, 99.99% (metals basis)
Rhenium ICP Standard@1000 μg/mL in Water, tr Nitric acid
Rhenium ICP Standard@10000 μg/mL in Water, tr Nitric acid
Rhenium, AAS standard solution, Specpure(R), Re 1000μg/ml
Rhenium ICP-MS Standard@100 μg/mL in Water, tr Nitric acid
Rhenium ICP-MS Standard@1000 μg/mL in Water, tr Nitric acid
Rhenium ICP-MS Standard@10000 μg/mL in Water, tr Nitric acid
Rhenium, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), Re 1000μg/ml
Rhenium powder, -22 mesh, Puratronic, 99.999% (metals basis)
Rhenium, plasma standard solution, Specpure(R), Re 10,000μg/ml
Rhenium powder, -22 mesh, Puratronic(R), 99.999% (metals basis)
Rhenium wire, 0.1mm (0.004in) dia, annealed, 99.97% (metals basis) | [EINECS(EC#)]
231-124-5 | [Molecular Formula]
Re | [MDL Number]
MFCD00011195 | [Molecular Weight]
186.21 | [MOL File]
7440-15-5.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Definition]
Metallic element, atomic number 75, group VIIB of
the periodic table, aw 186.207; valences = ?1, 1
through 7; 4, 6, and 7 are most common, the last
being the most stable. There are two isotopes.
| [Appearance]
METAL FOIL | [Melting point ]
3180 °C (lit.) | [Boiling point ]
5596 °C (lit.)
5627 °C (lit.) | [density ]
21,04 g/cm3 | [storage temp. ]
Flammables area | [solubility ]
insoluble in HCl | [form ]
wire
| [color ]
Silver-gray | [Specific Gravity]
21.04 | [Water Solubility ]
Insoluble in water. | [Merck ]
13,8261 | [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: TWA 1 mg/m3
OSHA: TWA 15 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3 | [InChIKey]
WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [History]
Discovery of rhenium is generally attributed to
Noddack, Tacke, and Berg, who announced in 1925 they had
detected the element in platinum ores and columbite. They also
found the element in gadolinite and molybdenite. By working
up 660 kg of molybdenite they were able in 1928 to extract 1 g
of rhenium. The price in 1928 was $10,000/g. Rhenium does
not occur free in nature or as a compound in a distinct mineral species. It is, however, widely spread throughout the Earth’s
crust to the extent of about 0.001 ppm. Commercial rhenium
in the U.S. today is obtained from molybdenite roaster-flue
dusts obtained from copper-sulfide ores mined in the vicinity
of Miami, Arizona, and elsewhere in Arizona and Utah.
Some molybdenites contain from 0.002 to 0.2% rhenium. It is
estimated that in 1999 about 16,000 kg of rhenium was being
produced. The total estimated world reserves of rhenium is
11,000,000 kg. Natural rhenium is a mixture of two isotopes,
one of which has a very long half-life. Thirty-nine other unstable
isotopes are recognized. Rhenium metal is prepared by
reducing ammonium perrhenate with hydrogen at elevated
temperatures. The element is silvery white with a metallic luster;
its density is exceeded by that of only platinum, iridium,
and osmium, and its melting point is exceeded by that of only
tungsten and carbon. It has other useful properties. The usual
commercial form of the element is a powder, but it can be
consolidated by pressing and resistance-sintering in a vacuum
or hydrogen atmosphere. This produces a compact shape in
excess of 90% of the density of the metal. Annealed rhenium
is very ductile, and can be bent, coiled, or rolled. Rhenium is
used as an additive to tungsten and molybdenum-based alloys
to impart useful properties. It is widely used for filaments for
mass spectrographs and ion gages. Rhenium-molybdenum alloys
are superconductive at 10 K. Rhenium is also used as an
electrical contact material as it has good wear resistance and
withstands arc corrosion. Thermocouples made of Re-W are
used for measuring temperatures up to 2200°C, and rhenium
wire has been used in photoflash lamps for photography.
Rhenium catalysts are exceptionally resistant to poisoning
from nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus, and are used for hydrogenation
of fine chemicals, hydrocracking, reforming, and
disproportionation of olefins. Rhenium has recently become
especially important as a catalyst for petroleum refining and
in making super-alloys for jet engines. Rhenium costs about
$16/g (99.99% pure). Little is known of its toxicity; therefore, it
should be handled with care until more data are available. | [CAS DataBase Reference]
7440-15-5(CAS DataBase Reference) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
Rhenium (7440-15-5) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
C,F | [Risk Statements ]
R34:Causes burns.
R11:Highly Flammable. | [Safety Statements ]
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S33:Take precautionary measures against static discharges .
S27:Take off immediately all contaminated clothing . | [RIDADR ]
UN 3178 4.1/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
3
| [RTECS ]
VI0780000
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
8 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [HS Code ]
8112993090 |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Hazard]
Flammable in powder form.
| [Chemical Properties]
Depending on the process used to isolate and process it,
rhenium may appear as a brown-black powder or a silvery
white solid metal. Rhenium is among the least common of the
natural elements comprising 0.5–1 ppb of earth’s crust; it
generally occurs as a trace element in molybdenite, columbite,
gadolinite, and platinum ores. A sulfide mineral of
rhenium, rhenite exists but is very rare.
There are two naturally occurring isotopes, 185 (37%),
which is stable, and 187 (63%), which has a halftime of 1011
years, and several synthetic radioisotopes whose half-lives
range from ,＜1 μs to 2×105 year. Rhenium has 11
valence states that range from 0 to 7. | [Chemical Properties]
gray powder | [Physical properties]
Rhenium ranges in color from silvery-white to gray to a black powder. It is a rather denseelement. As a refined metal, rhenium is ductile, but because it is rather rare, its properties havenot found many uses. Rhenium does have the widest range of valences. In addition to its commonvalences of 4, 6, and 7, it also has the uncommon valences of 2, –1, and –7.
Rhenium has a high melting point of 3,180°C, a boiling point of 5,627°C, and a densityof 21.04 g/cm3. | [Isotopes]
There are 45 isotopes of rhenium. Only one of these is stable: Re-185, whichcontributes 37.40% to the total amount of rhenium found on Earth. Re-187, which isradioactive with a very long half-life of 4.35×10+10 years, contributes 62.60% to rhenium’sexistence on Earth. The remaining 43 isotopes are radioactive with relatively shorthalf-lives and are artificially manufactured. | [Origin of Name]
Derived from the Latin word Rhenus, which stands for the Rhine River
in Western Europe. | [Occurrence]
Rhenium is the 78th most common element found on Earth, which makes it somewhatrare. During the early twentieth century, it required the processing of about a 1,000 poundsof earth to secure just one pound of rhenium, resulting in a price of about $10,000 per gram.Thus, there were few uses for rhenium. Later in the century, improved mining and refiningtechniques reduced the price. Today, the United States produces about 1,000 pounds of rheniumper year, and the world’s total estimated supply is only about 400 tons.
The main sources of rhenium are the molybdenite and columbite ores. Some rhenium isrecovered as a by-product of the smelting of copper sulfide (CuS) ores. Molybdenum sulfide(MoS2) is the main ore and is usually associated with igneous rocks and, at times, metallic-likedeposits. Molybdenite is found in Chile, as well as in the states of New Mexico, Utah, andColorado in the United States. | [Characteristics]
Rhenium is one of the transition elements, which range from metals to metal-like elements.Its chemical and physical properties are similar to those of technetium, which is aboveit in the periodic table. It is not very reactive. When small amounts are added to molybdenum,it forms a unique type of semiconducting metal. It is also noncorrosive in seawater. | [Uses]
Electron tube and semiconductor applications, in alloys for electrical contacts, as catalyst; possibly in high tempereture thermocouples and to improve the workability of tungsten and molybdenum alloys; plating jewelry, medical instruments, high vac equipment, mirror backings. | [Uses]
Small quantities of rhenium are alloyed with iron to form steel that is both hard and resistantto wear and high-temperatures. Because of its high melting point, rhenium is used inmany applications where long-wearing, high-temperature electrical components are required,such as electrical contacts and switches and high-temperature thermocouples. This physicalquality makes rhenium alloys ideal for use in rocket and missile engines. It is also used to formthe filaments in photographic flash lamps.
Rhenium’s isotope (187Re) has a very long half-life and decays by both beta and alpharadiation at a very steady rate. This factor makes it useful as a standard to measure the age ofthe universe. | [Production Methods]
Among the compounds that can be formed with rhenium
are sulfides, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, and
oxides. Rhenium(VII) oxide, Re2O7, is the most stable
oxide of rhenium. It is formed from rhenium metal powder
or other rhenium oxides in dry air or an oxygen atmosphere
above 350° °C. Re2O7 is readily soluble in water, forming
perrhenic acid, HReO4, which forms salts (MReO4) such as
ammonium perrhenate (NH4ReO4). This is an important
starting material, which can be reduced to Re metal and
used for the production of many other rhenium compounds.
Rhenium can also form organometallic compounds such as
carbonyls (e.g., Re2(CO)10 and organorhenium compounds
such as hexamethylrhenium, Re(CH3)6. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Nonflammable | [Industrial uses]
The outstanding properties of rhenium and rhenium alloys suggest their use in many specialized applications.Rhenium vs. tungsten thermocouples can be used for temperature measurement and control to approximately 2200 C, whereas previous thermocouple use was limited to temperatures below 1750 C. Indeed, 74% W 26% Re vs. W thermocouples can be used to temperatures of at least 2750 C with a high emf output ensuring accurate precise temperature measurements with excellent reproducibility and reliability.
Rhenium is now widely used for filaments for mass spectrographs and for ion gauges for measuring high vacuum. Its ductility, chemical properties, including the fact that it does not react with carbon to form a carbide, and its emission characteristics make it superior to tungsten for these applications.
Rhenium has received considerable acclaim as an electrical contact material. It possesses excellent resistance to wear as well as arc erosion. Furthermore, the contact resistance of rhenium is extremely stable because of its good corrosion resistance in addition to the fact that possible formation of an oxide film on the contacts would not cause any appreciable change in the contact resistance since the resistivity of the oxide is almost the same as that of the metal. Extensive tests for some types of make-andbreak switching contacts has shown rhenium to have 20 times the life of platinum palladium contacts currently in use. |
|
|