| Identification | More | [Name]
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE | [CAS]
75-35-4 | [Synonyms]
1,1-DICHLOROETHENE
1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE
VDCM
VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE
1,1-DCE
1,1-Dichlorethen
1,1-Dichlorethylen
1,1-dichloro-ethen
1,1-dichloro-ethylen
1,1-dichloroethylene (vinylidine chloride)
1,1-Dichoroethene
as-dichloroethylene
asym-dichloroethylene
CH2=CCl2
Chlorure de vinylidene
chloruredevinylidene
chloruredevinylidene(french)
dichloroethylene,1,1-
DiofanA565S
Ethene,1,1-dichloro- | [EINECS(EC#)]
200-864-0 | [Molecular Formula]
C2H2Cl2 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00011653 | [Molecular Weight]
96.94 | [MOL File]
75-35-4.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Vinylidene chloride is a volatile liquid.
Mild, sweet odor resembling chloroform. The odor threshold
in air is 500 ppm. | [Melting point ]
-122 °C (lit.) | [Boiling point ]
30-32 °C (lit.) | [density ]
1.213 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.) | [vapor density ]
3.46 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
9.68 psi ( 20 °C)
| [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.426
| [Fp ]
−9 °F
| [storage temp. ]
2-8°C
| [solubility ]
2.5g/l | [form ]
Liquid | [color ]
Clear colorless | [Stability:]
Stable. Very flammable-note low flash point. Vapour may travel considerable distances to a source of ignition. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alcohols, halides, sopper, aluminium. Rapidly absorbs oxygen from the air and forms explosive peroxides. Light and water promote self-polymerisation. May form explosive mix | [explosive limit]
8.4-16.5%(V) | [Water Solubility ]
Soluble in water (2.5g/L at 20°C). | [Sensitive ]
Light Sensitive | [Merck ]
14,9996 | [BRN ]
1733365 | [Henry's Law Constant]
0.86, 1.00, 1.27, 1.97, and 2.66 at 2.0, 6.0, 10.0, 18.0, and 25.0 °C, respectively (EPICS-SPME,
Dewulf et al., 1999) | [Dielectric constant]
4.7（16℃） | [Exposure limits]
TLV-TWA 5 ppm (～20 mg/m3) (ACGIH);
TLV-STEL 20 ppm (ACGIH); carcinogenic ity: Animal Limited Evidence, Human Inad equate Evidence (IARC). | [CAS DataBase Reference]
75-35-4(CAS DataBase Reference) | [IARC]
2B (Vol. 39, Sup 7, 71, 119) 2019 | [EPA Substance Registry System]
1,1-Dichloroethylene (75-35-4) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
F+,Xn,T,F | [Risk Statements ]
R12:Extremely Flammable.
R20:Harmful by inhalation.
R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect.
R39/23/24/25:Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R11:Highly Flammable. | [Safety Statements ]
S7:Keep container tightly closed .
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S29:Do not empty into drains .
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves .
S46:If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) . | [RIDADR ]
UN 1303 3/PG 1
| [WGK Germany ]
3
| [RTECS ]
KV9275000
| [F ]
1-8-10 | [Autoignition Temperature]
968 °F | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
3 | [PackingGroup ]
I | [HS Code ]
29032990 | [Safety Profile]
Suspected carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic,
neoplastigenic, tumorigenic, and teratogenic
data. Poison by inhalation, ingestion, and
intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by
subcutaneous route. Human systemic effects
by inhalation: general anesthesia, liver and
hdney changes. Experimental reproductive
effects. Mutation data reported. See also
VINYL CHLORIDE. A very dangerous fire
hazard when exposed to heat or flame.
Moderately explosive in the form of gas
when exposed to heat or flame. It forms
explosive peroxides upon exposure to air.
Potentially explosive reaction with
chlorotrifluoroethylene at 18O℃. Reaction
with ozone forms dangerous products.
Explosive reaction with perchloryl fluoride
when heated above 100℃. Also can explode
spontaneously. Reacts violently with
chlorosulfonic acid, HNO3, oleum. Can
react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To
fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry
chemical. When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS,
ALIPHATIC. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
75-35-4(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
Acute oral LD50 for rats 1,550 mg/kg, male mice 194 mg/kg, female mice 217 mg/kg (Jones and
Hathway, 1978):dogs 5,750 mg/kg (Tierney et al., 1979).
Heitmuller et al. (1981) reported a NOEC of 80 ppm. |
| Raw materials And Preparation Products | Back Directory | [Raw materials]
Hydrochloric acid-->Chlorine-->1,1,2-Trichloroethane | [Preparation Products]
1-Bromo-5-chloropentane-->1-Adamantaneacetic acid-->N-(Methyl)-N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)ethynylamine, 97%-->1,1-BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)ETHYLENE-->1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE-->1,1,1-Trifluoroethane-->6,7-Dihydro-4(5H)-benzofuranone |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
A clear colorless liquid with a chloroform-like odor. Flash point 0°F. Boiling point 99°F. Denser (at 10.1 lb/gal) than water and insoluble in water. Hence sinks in water. May polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated. If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently. Vapors heavier than air. | [Reactivity Profile]
Peroxidizable monomer, such as VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE, may initiate exothermic polymerization of the bulk material [Bretherick 1979. p. 160, 187]. Mixing vinylidene chloride in equal molar portions in a closed container with any of the following substances caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid, or oleum [NFPA 1991]. It's reaction products with ozone are particularly dangerous, [Dow Chemical, 1968]. This may extend to other powerful oxidants, as various peroxides are produced. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water. | [Health Hazard]
Vapor can cause dizziness and drunkenness; high levels cause anesthesia. Liquid irritates eyes and skin. | [Potential Exposure]
Vinylidene chloride is used in the
manufacture of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform).
However, the manufacture of polyvinylidene copolymers is
the major use of VDC. The extruded films of the copolymers
are used in packaging and have excellent resistance to
water vapor and most gases. The chief copolymer is Saran
(polyvinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride), a transparent film
used for food packaging. The films shrink when exposed to
higher than normal temperatures. This characteristic is
advantageous in the heat-shrinking of overwraps on packaged
goods and in the sealing of the wraps. Applications of
VDC latexes include mixing in cement to produce highstrength
mortars and concretes, and as binders for paints
and nonwoven fabrics providing both water resistance and
nonflammability. VDC polymer lacquers are also used in
coating films and paper. VDC is also used to produce
fibers. Monofilaments, made by extruding the copolymer,
are used in the textile industry as furniture and automobile
upholstery; drapery fabric; outdoor furniture; venetian-blind
tape; and filter cloths. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including
resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. If victim is conscious, administer water, or milk.
Do not induce vomiting.
| [Shipping]
UN1303 Vinylidene chloride, stabilized, Hazard
Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid. | [Incompatibilities]
Readily forms explosive peroxides; violent
polymerization from heat or on contact with oxidizers,
chlorosulfonic acid; nitric acid; or oleum; or under the
influence of oxygen, sunlight, alkali metals; aluminum,
copper. Explosive on heating or on contact with flames.
Inhibitors, such as the monomethyl ether of hydroquinone
are added to prevent polymerization. | [Chemical Properties]
Colorless liquid. Readily polymerizes. Insoluble in water.
Commercial product contains small proportion of
inhibitor. | [Chemical Properties]
Vinylidene chloride is a volatile liquid.
Mild, sweet odor resembling chloroform. The odor threshold
in air is 500 ppm. | [Waste Disposal]
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier. Consult with environmental regulatory
agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Incineration, preferably after mixing with another combustible
fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion
to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber
is necessary to remove the halo acids produced. | [Physical properties]
Colorless liquid or gas with a mild, sweet, chloroform-like odor. The average least detectable odor
threshold concentration in water at 60 °C and in air at 40 °C was 1.6 mg/L (Alexander et al.,
1982). | [Uses]
1,1-Dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) is used toproduce vinylidene copolymers for films andcoatings. | [Uses]
Intermediate in the production of "vinylidene polymer plastics" such as Saran (Dow) . | [Uses]
VDC is used to make various kinds of chemical intermediates,
agricultural chemicals, SARAN?polyvinylidene chloride
(PVDC) resins and films, PVDC latex coatings, and
photographic and X-ray films. | [Definition]
ChEBI: A member of the class of chloroethenes that is ethene in which both of the hydrogens attached to one of the carbons are replaced by chlorines. | [Production Methods]
VDC is prepared commercially by the dehydrochlorination
of 1,1,2-trichloroethane using a slight excess of lime or
caustic as shown in the reaction schematic. About
200 ppm of monomethyl ether of hydroquinone (MEHQ) is
added to prevent polymer formation and preserve product
quality. | [Fire Hazard]
Flammable liquid; flash point (closed cup) -18°C(0°F) (flash point data reported in the
literature differ); vapor pressure 500 torr at
20°C (68°F); vapor density 3.34 (air=1);
the vapor is heavier than air and can travel
a considerable distance to a source of igni tion and flash back; autoignition temperature 570°C (1058°F); fire-extinguishing agent: dry
chemical, CO2, or foam; use water to keep
fire-exposed containers cool and to flush any
spill.
1,1-DCE vapors form explosive mixtures
with air within the range 7.3–16.0% by
volume in air. It polymerizes at elevated
temperatures. If polymerization occurs in
a closed container, the container may rup ture violently. Polymerization is inhibited in
the presence of 200 ppm of hydroquinone
monomethyl ether (Aldrich 1997). It forms
a white deposit of peroxide on long stand ing which may explode. It decomposes when
involved in fire, producing toxic hydrogen
chloride. Reactions with concentrated min eral acids are exothermic. | [Carcinogenicity]
The IARC has concluded that
there is inadequate evidence in humans and limited evidence
in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of VDC and
has placed it in its Group 3 category as not classifiable as to its
carcinogenicity to humans.
This conclusion is consistent with the evaluation by the
EPA, where VDC exhibits suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity
but not sufficient evidence to assess human carcinogenic
potential following inhalation exposure in studies in
rodents. | [Environmental Fate]
Biological. 1,1-Dichloroethylene significantly degraded with rapid adaptation in a static-culture
flask-screening test (settled domestic wastewater inoculum) conducted at 25 °C. Complete
degradation was observed after 14 d. At concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L, the amount lost due to
volatilization at the end of 10 d was 24 and 15%, respectively (Tabak et al., 1981).
Soil. In a methanogenic aquifer material, 1,1-dichloroethylene biodegraded to vinyl chloride
(Wilson et al., 1986). Under anoxic conditions, indigenous microbes in uncontaminated sediments
degraded 1,1-dichloroethylene to vinyl chloride (Barrio-Lage et al., 1986).
Photolytic. Photooxidation of 1,1-dichloroethylene in the presence of nitrogen dioxide and air
yielded phosgene, chloroacetyl chloride, formic acid, HCl, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and
ozone (Gay et al., 1976). At 298 K, 1,1-dichloroethylene reacts with ozone at a rate of 3.7 x 10-21
cm3/molecule?sec (Hull et al., 1973).
Chemical/Physical. At temperatures exceeding 0 °C in the presence of oxygen or other
catalysts, 1,1-dichloroethylene will polymerize to a plastic (Windholz et al., 1983). The alkaline
hydrolysis of 1,1-dichloroethylene yielded chloroacetylene. The reported hydrolysis half-life at 25
°C and pH 7 is 1.2 x 108 yr (Jeffers et al., 1989). |
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