이산화 토륨

이산화 토륨 속성

이산화 토륨 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

화학적 성질

Heavy white powder. Mohs hardness 6.5, very refractory. Soluble in sulfuric acid; insoluble in water.

물리적 성질

White cubic crystals; refractive index 2.200 (thorianite); density 10.0 g/cm³; hardness 6.5 Mohs; melts at 3,390°C; vaporizes at 4,400°C; insoluble in water or alkalis; soluble in acids with difficulties.

용도

Thorium was discovered in 1828, and its radioactivity was discovered in 1898. In the early 1900s, the only commercial use for thorium was in gas lamp mantles. Although demand for gas mantles declined with the advent of electric lights, mantle manufacturing still accounted for 92% of thorium’s non-fuel use as late as 1950 (Hedrick 2000). The use of thorium in the United States has decreased substantially because of concerns over its naturally occurring radioactivity (Hedrick 2002). Principal uses for thorium dioxide are in high-temperature ceramics, gas mantles, nuclear fuel, flame spraying, crucibles, medicines, nonsilica optical glass, and thoriated tungsten filaments, and as a catalyst. It has also been used as a diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium) in feline medication (HSDB 2009).
Thorotrast was used as a contrast agent in medical radiology. It was used extensively as an intravascular contrast agent for cerebral and limb angiography in Europe, the United States, and Japan. It was also injected directly into the nasal cavity, paranasal sinus, spleen, brain, and other sites. Thorotrast treatment led to deposition of thorium and its decay products in body tissues and organs, especially reticuloendothelial tissue and bone, which resulted in continuous lifelong alpha-particle irradiation (BEIR IV 1988). Use of Thorotrast was discontinued in the 1950s, when harmful latent effects were observed (Grampa 1971, IARC 2001).

제조 방법

Thorium dioxide is obtained as an intermediate in the production of thorium metal from monazite sand (See Thorium).
The compound also can be prepared by many other methods including thermal decomposition of thorium oxalate, hydroxide, carbonate, or nitrate. Heating thorium metal in oxygen or air, and hydrolysis of thorium halides also yield thorium dioxide.

정의

A white insoluble compound, used as a refractory, in gas mantles, and as a replacement for silica in some types of optical glass.

일반 설명

White powder. Density 9.7 g / cm3. Not soluble in water. Used in high-temperature ceramics, gas mantles, nuclear fuel, flame spraying, crucibles, non-silicia optical glass, catalysis, filaments in incandescent lamps, cathodes in electron tubes and arc-melting electrodes.

공기와 물의 반응

Insoluble in water.

반응 프로필

Has only weak oxidizing powers. Redox reactions can however still occur. Not water-reactive. Soluble in sulfuric acid.

공업 용도

Thoria, the most chemically stable oxideceramic, is only attacked by some earth alkalimetals under some conditions. It has the highestmelting point (3315°C) of the oxide ceramics.Like beryllia, it is costly. Also, it has highthermal expansion and poor thermal shockresistance.

Safety Profile

Confirmed human carcinogen producing angiosarcoma, liver and kidney tumors, lymphoma and other tumors of the blood system, and tumors at the application site. See also THORIUM.

Carcinogenicity

Thorium dioxide is known to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans.

이산화 토륨 준비 용품 및 원자재

원자재

준비 용품

이산화 토륨 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21691	55
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.	18871490254	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	28180	58
Hubei xin bonus chemical co. LTD	86-13657291602	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	22968	58
Hebei Yanxi Chemical Co., Ltd.	+8617531190177	peter@yan-xi.com	China	5993	58
Qiuxian Baitai New Material Co., LTD	+8618330912755	sale2@hbyalin.com	China	1677	58
Siyang Liaoning Biochemical Products Co. Ltd	+86-15221114306; +8615221114306	2594582574@qq.com	China	574	58
Shaanxi Didu New Materials Co. Ltd	+86-89586680 +86-13289823923	1026@dideu.com	China	9116	58
Hangzhou MolCore BioPharmatech Co.,Ltd.	+86-057181025280; +8617767106207	sales@molcore.com	China	49739	58
Hebei Guanlang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	+86-19930503259 +86-19930503259	cherry@crovellbio.com	China	18456	58
GIHI CHEMICALS CO.,LIMITED	+8618058761490	info@gihichemicals.com	China	49999	58

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