클로르덱온 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Chemically, kepone is a chlorinated polycyclic insecticide and fungicide. Chlordecone was used as an insecticide for leaf-eating insects, ants, and cockroaches; as a larvicide for flies; and for control of insects that attack structures. Chlordecone was also used on bananas, nonbearing citrus trees, tobacco, ornamental shrubs, lawns, turf, and flowers. The dry powder is readily absorbed through the skin and respiratory tract. Occupational workers handling kepone without appropriate workplace safety dress and PPE suffered chemical poisoning. The symptoms included, tremors, jerky eye movements, memory loss, headaches, slurred speech, unsteadiness, lack of coordination, loss of weight, rash, enlarged liver, decreased libido, sterility, chest pain, and arthralgia (sharp pain, extending along a nerve or group of nerves, experienced in a joint and/or joints). Chlordecone was first introduced as a pesticide in 1958 and was used until 1978, when its use in the United States was discontinued (NCI 1976, IARC 1979, HSDB 2009).
화학적 성질
Kerosene is a white to pale yellow, flammable liquid that has wide use in household and industrial activities. For instance, in heating, as cooking fuel, in cleaning, degreasing, as a solvent, for paints, enamels, polishes, varnishes, and in asphalt coating.
물리적 성질
Colorless to tan, odorless, noncombustible, crystalline solid
용도
Chlordecone, a chlorinated dicyclodiene compound, was
introduced under the trade name Kepone in 1958. In the
United States, Kepone found use as an ant and cockroach
poison. Outside the United States, it was used primarily as a
pesticide against the banana root borer. The compound is the
ketone analog of mirex; it is a contaminant of mirex and is
also a product of mirex degradation.
정의
ChEBI: An organochlorine compound with insecticidal activity.
일반 설명
Odorless colorless crystalline solid.
공기와 물의 반응
Insoluble in water.
반응 프로필
A halogenated ketone. Ketones are reactive with many acids and bases liberating heat and flammable gases (e.g., H2). The amount of heat may be sufficient to start a fire in the unreacted portion of the ketone. Ketones react with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrides to produce flammable gas (H2) and heat. Ketones are incompatible with isocyanates, aldehydes, cyanides, peroxides, and anhydrides. They react violently with aldehydes, HNO3, HNO3 + H2O2, and HClO4.
건강위험
INHALATION AND INGESTION: These symptoms present in all affected patients - Neurologic Impairment - anxiety, irritability, memory disturbance, headache, tremors, opsiclonus, stuttering, slurred speech, and abnormal tandem gait.
화재위험
Flash point data for KEPONE (TM) are not available; however, KEPONE (TM) is probably combustible.
잠재적 노출
Kepone was registered for the control
of rootborers on bananas with a residue tolerance of
0.01 ppm. This constituted the only food or feed use
of Kepone. Nonfood uses included wireworm control in
tobacco fields and bait to control ants and other insects in
indoor and outdoor areas. A rebuttable presumption
against registration of chlordecone was issued by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency on
March 25, 1976 on the basis of oncogenicity. The trademarked Kepone and products of six formulations were the
subject of voluntary cancellation according to a United
States Environmental Protection Agency notice dated
July 27, 1977. In a series of decisions, the first of which
was issued on June 17, 1976, the EPA effectively
canceled all registered products containing Kepone as of
May 1, 1978.
Carcinogenicity
Kepone (chlordecone) is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
환경귀착
Photolytic. Kepone-contaminated soils from a site in Hopewell, VA were analyzed by
GC/MS. 8-Chloro and 9-chloro homologs identified suggested these were photodegradation
products of kepone (Borsetti and Roach, 1978). Products identified from the photolysis
of kepone in cyclohexane were 1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10,10-nonachloro-5,5-dihydroxypentacyclo[
5.3.0.02,6.03,9.04,8]decane for the hydrate and 1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10,10-nonachloro-5,5-
dimethoxypentacyclo[5.3.0.02,6.03,9.04,8]decane (Alley et al., 1974).
Chemical/Physical. Readily reacts with moisture forming hydrates (Hollifield, 1979).
Decomposes at 350°C (Windholz et al., 1983) probably emitting toxic chlorine fumes.
운송 방법
UN2761 Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
비 호환성
Acids, acid fumes.
폐기물 처리
A process has been developed
which effects chlordecone degradation by treatment of aqueous wastes with UV radiation in the presence of hydrogen in
aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Up to 95% decomposition was effected by this process. Chlordecone previously
presented serious disposal problems because of its great
resistance to bio- and photo degradation in the environment.
It is highly toxic to normally occur in degrading microorganisms. Although it can undergo some photodecomposition
when exposed to sunlight to the dihydro compound (leaving
a compound with 8 chloro substituents) that degradation
product does not significantly reduce toxicity. Disposal by
incineration with HCl scrubbing is recommended.
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