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| 融点 | 261-263°C | | 沸点 | 429.67°C (rough estimate) | | 比重(密度) | 1.0323 (rough estimate) | | 屈折率 | 1.6120 (estimate) | | 貯蔵温度 | Sealed in dry,Store in freezer, under -20°C | | 溶解性 | Practically insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol (96 per cent), sparingly soluble in acetonitrile. | | 酸解離定数(Pka) | 13.92±0.60(Predicted) | | CAS データベース | 59122-46-2(CAS DataBase Reference) | | EPAの化学物質情報 | Misoprostol (59122-46-2) |
| | ミソプロストール Usage And Synthesis |
| 用途 | 胃粘液や重炭酸イオンの分泌を促進するほか、壁細胞に直接作用してヒスタミンやガストリン刺激による胃酸分泌を抑制する。腸管の蠕動運動を促進させ、小腸からの水?Naの吸収を阻害し、下痢を起こす。子宮平滑筋に作用し、子宮収縮作用を持つ。 | | 効能 | 消化性潰瘍薬, プロスタグランジンE受容体作動薬 | | 商品名 | サイトテック (ファイザー) | | 説明 | Misoprostol is an orally-active PGEl analog useful in the treatment of gastric and
duodenal ulcers. As with other agents of this type, misoprostol may prove useful
as a gastric cytoprotective when administered concurrently with irritating drugs
such as nonsteroidal antiinflammatories. | | 化学的特性 | Misoprostol is a yellow, viscous liquid with a musty odour. Miscible with ethanol, ether or chloroform, extremely insoluble in water or n-hexane. Very unstable at room temperature and undergoes thermal epimerization to the 8-isomer. It is also extremely sensitive to the Ph value. It removes the hydroxyl group at the 11α position in acidity and alkalinity, converts it into A-type prostaglandins, and isomerizes into B-type prostaglandins. However, it is relatively stable in the dispersion system of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and can be stored at room temperature. | | Originator | Searle (USA) | | 使用 | Misoprostol is a cytoprotective prostaglandin PGE1 analogue that inhibits gastric acid secretion. It has many medical uses, including nine obstetric indications. The drug was originally produced by Pfizer for the treatment of gastric ulcers. Misoprostol is commonly used to prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers in patients at high risk of complications from a gastric ulcer, such as elderly patients and patients with a history of ulcer. It has also been used in treating duodenal ulcers unresponsive to histamine H2-antagonists; the drug does not prevent duodenal ulcers,however, in patients taking NSAIDS. Misoprostol can cause miscarriage, often associated with potentially dangerous bleeding. | | 適応症 | Misoprostol (Cytotec), which is an analogue of
prostaglandin E1, has been approved for use in the prevention
of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug–induced
ulceration. It also is approved in other countries for the
treatment of peptic ulcer disease. | | 製造方法 | synthesis of Misoprostol
To a 1000 ml dried flask under a nitrogen atmosphere was added 74.6 g of(E)-trimethyl-[[1-methyl-1-[3-(tributylstannyl)-2-propenyl]pentyl]oxy]silane,125 ml anhydrous THF and 24.2 g of copper (I) iodide. The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and then it was cooled to -25 to -30°C. 98.8 ml of methyllithium (2.86 M) in DEM was added dropwise and theresultant solution was stirred at -15°C for 2 hours. Then the reaction mixturewas cooled to -78°C and 25 g of methyl-5-oxo-3-[(triethylsilyl)oxy]-1-cyclopentene-1-heptanoate in 100 ml of THF was added rapidly. After stirringthe mixture for 5 min at -78°C, it was quenched into a mixture of 750 ml ofaqueous ammonium chloride solution and 200 ml of ammonium hydroxide.The resulting mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred until adeep blue aqueous layer was obtained. Ethyl acetate (250 ml) was used forextraction. Then the combined organic layers were washed with brine andsubsequently dried over magnesium sulfate. After a filtration andconcentration under reduced pressure, an oil (105 g) was obtained. This oilcontaining the protected prostaglandin was subjected to acidic deprotection(cat. PPTS, acetone and water) and purification (chromatography on silica gel)to provide 15.8 g (60%) of misoprostol was identical. | | 定義 | ChEBI: 7-[(1R,2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-4-methyloct-1-enyl)-5-oxocyclopentyl]heptanoic acid methyl ester is a prostanoid. | | brand name | Cytotec (Searle);Cyprostol;Oxaprost;Prostalgin. | | Therapeutic Function | Antiulcer | | 一般的な説明 | Misoprostol, (16-(R,S)-methyl-16-hydroxy)-PGE1, methyl ester (Cytotec), is a modified prostaglandinanalog that shows potent gastric antisecretory and gastroprotectiveeffects when administered orally. Misoprostol isadministered orally in tablet form in a dose of 100 to 200 μg4 times a day to prevent gastric ulceration in susceptibleindividuals who are taking NSAIDs. Misoprostol is combinedwith the NSAID diclofenac (Voltaren) in an analgesic product(Arthrotec by Pharmacia), which is potentially safe for longtermantiarthritic therapy. This prostaglandin derivative absolutelyshould be avoided by pregnant women because of itspotential to induce abortion. In fact, the combined use of intramuscularmethotrexate and intravaginal misoprostol has beenclaimed to be a safe and effective, noninvasive method for thetermination of early pregnancy. | | 生物活性 | Cytoprotective prostaglandin E 1 analog that displays agonist activity at EP receptors. K i values are 120, 250, 67 and 67 nM at cloned mouse EP 1 , EP 2 , EP 3 and EP 4 receptors respectively. Prevents NSAID-induced gastric ulceration. | | 薬理学 | Misoprostol is absorbed
rapidly after oral administration and is hydrolyzed
to the active compound. It is metabolized by
the liver and excreted mainly in the urine. Adverse effects
include crampy abdominal pain, dose-related diarrhea,
and uterine contractions. The last-named effect
has led to its use in the control of postpartum bleeding. | | 臨床応用 | Benign gastric and duodenal ulceration and NSAID
associated ulceration
Prophylaxis of NSAID induced ulceration | | Veterinary Drugs and Treatments | Misoprostol may be useful as primary or adjunctive therapy in
treating or preventing
gastric ulceration, especially when caused
or aggravated by non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Misoprostol is most useful to prevent GI ulceration or GI adverse
effects (anorexia, vomiting) associated with NSAID therapy. While
it can be used for treating gastric ulcers, other drugs are probably
just as effective and less expensive. It does not appear to be very
effective in reducing gastric ulceration secondary to high dose corticosteroid
therapy
Misoprostol may be efficacious in reducing or reversing cyclosporine-
induced nephrotoxicity. More data is needed to confirm
this effect.
One study demonstrated that misoprostol can reduce the clinical
signs associated with atopy somewhat in dogs.
Misoprostol’s effects on uterine contractibility and cervical softening/
opening make it effective as an adjunctive treatment in pregnancy
termination. | | 代謝 | Rapidly metabolised to its active form (misoprostol acid)
after oral doses. Misoprostol acid is further metabolised
by oxidation in several body organs and is excreted mainly
in the urine. | | 貯蔵 | Desiccate at -20°C | | Mode of action | Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue which has ulcer healing, gastric acid antisecretory and mucosal protective properties. The antisecretory activity is mediated by direct action on specific prostaglandin receptors on the surface of gastric parietal cells. In dogs with innervated Pavlov pouches, inhibition of secretion is achieved at a lower dosage by intrapouch injection than by intravenous or intragastric administration, suggesting that the local effect may predominate. The mucosal protective effect against various damaging agents has been demonstrated in humans with doses that inhibit and doses which minimally affect acid secretion. |
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