Urolithin B is a naturally occurring metabolite derived from ellagitannins, polyphenolic compounds found in fruits such as pomegranates, berries, and nuts. During digestion, gut microbiota convert ellagitannins into bioactive urolithins, with Urolithin B being one of the key end products. This compound has attracted increasing scientific interest due to its potential health-promoting properties, particularly in the areas of muscle health, anti-aging, and neuroprotection. Research suggests that Urolithin B can enhance muscle growth by activating the mTOR signaling pathway and may help reduce muscle atrophy. Additionally, it exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially protecting cells against oxidative stress and age-related decline. Emerging studies also indicate a role in cognitive enhancement by modulating brain inflammation and promoting neuronal survival. Compared to its better-known counterpart, Urolithin A, Urolithin B is less studied but shows promising bioactivity that could be valuable in the development of nutraceuticals and sports supplements. Its efficacy, however, is influenced by individual gut microbiota composition, which determines the conversion efficiency from dietary ellagitannins.
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