| Identification | More | [Name]
2-Methyl-2-butanol | [CAS]
75-85-4 | [Synonyms]
2-METHYL-2-BUTANOL
2-METHYLBUTAN-2-OL
AMYL ALCOHOL, TERT-
AMYLENE HYDRATE
DIMETHYLETHYLCARBINOL
ETHYLDIMETHYLCARBINOL
T-AMYL ALCOHOL
TERT-AMYL ALCOHOL
TERT-PENTANOL
TERT-PENTYL ALCOHOL
1,1-Dimethyl-1-propanol
2-butanol,2-methyl-
2-Methyl butanol-2
2-methyl-2-butano
2-methyl-2-butanol (tert-amyl alcohol)
2-methylbutanol-2
3-Methylbutan-3-ol
3-Methyl-butanol-(3)
Amylenhydrate
C2H5C(CH3)2OH | [EINECS(EC#)]
200-908-9 | [Molecular Formula]
C5H12O | [MDL Number]
MFCD00004478 | [Molecular Weight]
88.15 | [MOL File]
75-85-4.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Amyl alcohols (pentanols) have eight isomers.
All are flammable, colorless liquids, except the isomer 2,2-
dimethyl-1-propanol, which is a crystalline solid. | [Melting point ]
-12 °C | [Boiling point ]
102 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
0.805 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [vapor density ]
3 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
15.5 hPa (20 °C) | [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.405(lit.)
| [Fp ]
20 °C
| [storage temp. ]
Flammables area | [solubility ]
Miscible with alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, glycerol, oils and acetone. | [form ]
Liquid | [pka]
15.38±0.29(Predicted) | [color ]
Clear colorless | [Odor]
pungent | [PH]
6.0 (118g/l, H2O, 20℃)neutral | [Stability:]
Light sensitive. Highly flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. | [explosive limit]
1.3-9.6%(V) | [Odor Threshold]
0.088ppm | [Water Solubility ]
120 g/L (20 ºC) | [Merck ]
14,7140 | [BRN ]
1361351 | [Dielectric constant]
11.7（20℃） | [LogP]
0.890 | [CAS DataBase Reference]
75-85-4(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
2-Butanol, 2-methyl-(75-85-4) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
75-85-4(EPA Substance) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
Amyl alcohol is produced during the fermentation of grains, potatoes, and beets. It is also
produced during the acid hydrolysis of petroleum fraction. Amyl alcohol is widely used
in industry. For example, in the manufacturing of lacquers, paints, varnishes, perfumes,
pharmaceuticals, plastics, rubber, explosives, hydraulic fl uids, for the extraction of fats, is
also used in the petroleum refi nery industries | [General Description]
A clear, colorless liquid with an odor of camphor. Flash point 70°F. Density 0.81 g/cm3. Slightly soluble in water. | [Reactivity Profile]
TERT-AMYL ALCOHOL(75-85-4) attacks plastics [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 236]. Reacts violently with acetyl bromide [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixtures of alcohols with concentrated sulfuric acid and strong hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Example: an explosion will occur if dimethylbenzylcarbinol is added to 90% hydrogen peroxide then acidified with concentrated sulfuric acid. Mixtures of ethyl alcohol with concentrated hydrogen peroxide form powerful explosives. Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide and 1-phenyl-2-methyl propyl alcohol tend to explode if acidified with 70% sulfuric acid [Chem. Eng. News 45(43):73 1967; J, Org. Chem. 28:1893 1963]. Alkyl hypochlorites are violently explosive. They are readily obtained by reacting hypochlorous acid and alcohols either in aqueous solution or mixed aqueous-carbon tetrachloride solutions. Chlorine plus alcohols would similarly yield alkyl hypochlorites. They decompose in the cold and explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Tertiary hypochlorites are less unstable than secondary or primary hypochlorites [NFPA 491 M, 1991]. Base-catalysed reactions of isocyanates with alcohols should be carried out in inert solvents. Such reactions in the absence of solvents often occur with explosive violence [Wischmeyer 1969]. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water. | [Health Hazard]
Inhalation of the vapors of amyl alcohol causes tearing, pain, redness, swelling, irritation
of the mucous membrane of the eyes, nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract and of thskin. Acute and long-term exposure to amyl alcohol causes nausea, vomiting, headache,
vertigo, and muscular weakness. Vomiting may cause aspiration into the lungs, resulting in chemical pneumonia. After a prolonged period of exposure to amyl alcohol, workers develop dizziness, double vision, shortness of breath, delirium, and related narcotic
effects. In severe cases, inhalation leads to pulmonary edema, kidney injury, effects on the
heart and becomes fatal.
Occupational workers with pre-existing skin disorders, eye problems, or impaired liver,
kidney, or respiratory function, may be more susceptible to the effects of amyl alcohol. | [Health Hazard]
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. | [Potential Exposure]
(n-isomer); Suspected reprotoxic hazard,
Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction), (iso-, primary):
Possible risk of forming tumors, Primary irritant (w/o allergic
reaction), (sec-, active primary-, and other isomers)
Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction). Used as a solvent in
organic synthesis and synthetic flavoring, pharmaceuticals,
corrosion inhibitors; making plastics and other chemicals;
as a flotation agent. The (n-isomer) is used in preparation
of oil additives, plasticizers, synthetic lubricants, and as a
solvent. | [Fire Hazard]
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. | [First aid]
Skin contact contributes significantly to overall
exposure. If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including
resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical
attention. Give large quantities of water and induce
vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. | [Shipping]
UN2811 Pentanols, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-
Flammable liquid. UN1987 Alcohols, n.o.s., Hazard Class:
3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid. | [Incompatibilities]
Forms an explosive mixture with air.
Contact with strong oxidizers and hydrogen trisulfide may
cause fire and explosions. Incompatible with strong acids.
Violent reaction with alkaline earth metals forming hydrogen,
a flammable gas. | [Waste Disposal]
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator
equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed. | [Uses]
Pharmaceutic aid (solvent). | [Definition]
ChEBI: A tertiary alcohol that is propan-1-ol in which both of the hydrogens at position 1 have been replaced by methyl groups. | [Production Methods]
tert-Amyl alcohol is prepared by hydrating 2-methyl-2-
butenes. It can also be prepared by reducing pivalic
acid. | [Hazard]
Flammable, dangerous fire risk. | [Purification Methods]
Reflux it with K2CO3, CaH2, CaO or sodium, then fractionally distil. The near-dry alcohol is further dried by refluxing with Mg activated with iodine, as described for ethanol. Further purification is possible using fractional crystallisation and zone refining at <-10o or preparative gas chromatography. [Beilstein 1 IV 1668.] |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
F,Xn | [Risk Statements ]
R11:Highly Flammable.
R20:Harmful by inhalation.
R37/38:Irritating to respiratory system and skin . | [Safety Statements ]
S46:If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label . | [RIDADR ]
UN 1105 3/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
1
| [RTECS ]
SC0175000
| [Autoignition Temperature]
819 °F | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
3 | [PackingGroup ]
II | [HS Code ]
29051500 | [Precautions]
During handling and use of amyl alcohol, persons with pre-existing skin disorders, eye
problems, or impaired liver, kidney, or respiratory function, should be careful since these
workers/persons are more susceptible to the effects of amyl alcohol | [Safety Profile]
Moderately toxic to humans by an unspecified route. Moderately toxic experimentally by ingestion, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and rectal routes. Narcotic in high concentration. Flammable liquid when exposed to heat, flame, or oxiduing materials. Moderately explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. A hypnotic agent. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
75-85-4(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 orally in rats: 1.0 g/kg (Schaffarzick, Brown) |
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