Diethanolamin Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEISSE KRISTALLEODER FARBLOSE VISKOSE HYGROSKOPISCHE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger Rauche. Mittelstarke Base in wässriger Lösung. Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Oxidationsmittelnund starken Säuren. Greift Kupfer, Zink, Aluminium und ihre Legierungen an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 2 mg/m?(als TWA); Hautresorption; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: 1 mg/m?(Einatembare Fraktion); Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor I(1); Hautresorption; Sensibilisierung der Haut; Krebserzeugend Kategorie 3B; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe C (DFG 2007).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft nicht oder nur sehr langsam ein.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz verätzt die Augen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wiederholter oder andauernder Kontakt kann zu Hautsensibilisierung führen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Leberund Nieren.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. An sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, A/P2-Filter für organische Dämpfe und schädlichen Staub.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R38:Reizt die Haut.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
R48/22:Gesundheitsschädlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitsschäden bei längerer Exposition durch Verschlucken.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S46:Bei Verschlucken sofort ärztlichen Rat einholen und Verpackung oder Etikett vorzeigen.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
C4H11NO2; ß,ß'-Dihydroxydiethylamin, Bis-(ß-hydroxylethyl)-amin. Farblose fest oder flüssige Substanz (Schmelzpunkt 28鳦) mit schwach aminartigem Geruch.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Reizt die Augen und die Haut. Inhalation führt zu Reizungen und Atemnot.
Nicht mit Oxidationsmitteln, Nitrilen, salpetriger Säure, Säuren und Anhydriden in Berührung bringen.
Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Spritz- Staubschutz.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Mit flüssigkeitsbindendem Material, z.B Rench Rapid aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen.
Kohlendioxid, Wasser, Schaum, Pulver.
Brennbar. Im Brandfall können nitrose Gase freigesetzt werden. Mit Luft Bildung explosionsfähiger Gemische möglich.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 15 Minuten ausspülen. Sofort Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Verschlucken: Reichlich Wasser trinken lassen. Erbrechen auslösen. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung sofort entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
Als halogenfreie, organische Lösemittelabfälle.
Beschreibung
Diethanolamine is an organic base which has been used as an emulsifying and dispersing agent.It can also be used as a basic buffer, with optimal pH about pH 9, if titrated with HCl or other acid. Other uses include: to "scrub" gases, as a chemical intermediate, as humectant or softening agent.
Chemische Eigenschaften
The USP32–NF27 describes diethanolamine as a mixture of ethanolamines consisting largely of diethanolamine. At about room temperature it is a white, deliquescent solid. Above room temperature diethanolamine is a clear, viscous liquid with a mildly ammoniacal odor.
Diethanolamine is used as surface-active agent in metal-cutting fluids and oils, as a corrosion inhibitor, as a dispersant in agricultural chemical formulations, and as an intermediate in the production of other compounds such as fatty acid condensates of diethanolamine which are extensively used in soaps and cosmetics as emulsifiers, thickeners, wetting agents and detergents (Beyer et al., 1983). In the cosmetic formulations, the concentration of diethanolamine may range from 1 to 25% (National Toxicology Program, 1999a).
Verwenden
Diethanolamine similar to triethanolamine (T775580) is used as a surfactant. It also has the potential to be a corrosion inhibitor by means of chemisorption.
synthetische
Diethanolamine is prepared commercially by the ammonolysis of ethylene oxide. The reaction yields a mixture of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine which is separated to obtain the pure products.
Vorbereitung Methode
Diethanolamine is produced with monoethanolamine and triethanolamine by
ammonolysis of ethylene oxide; diethanolamine is then separated by distillation
(Mullins 1978). In 1984, 166.2 million pounds of diethanolamine were produced
in the United States (USTIC 1985).
Definition
ChEBI: A member of the class of ethanolamines that is ethanolamine having a N-hydroxyethyl substituent.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Oily colorless liquid or solid white crystals. Slight rotten fish or ammonia odor. Denser than water.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Water soluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
2,2'-Iminodiethanol is an aminoalcohol. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides. 2,2'-Iminodiethanol is hygroscopic. 2,2'-Iminodiethanol may be sensitive to exposure to air and light. 2,2'-Iminodiethanol can react with oxidizing materials, acids, CO2, copper alloys, aluminum, zinc, galvanized iron and copper.
Health Hazard
The irritant action of diethanolamine on theeyes can be severe. Direct contact of thepure liquid can impair vision. Irritation onthe skin may be mild to moderate. Theacute oral toxicity of this compound waslow in test animals. The toxic symptomsinclude somnolence, excitement, and musclecontraction.
LD50 value, oral (mice): 3300 mg/kg
The vapor pressure of diethanolamine isnegligibly low (<0.01 torr at 20°C (68°F)).At ordinary temperature, this compoundshould not cause any inhalation hazard. Themists, fumes, or vapors at high temperatures,however, can produce eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation.
In contrast to monoethanolamine, dieth anolamine administered to mice at 1125 mg/kg/day caused no change in maternal mortality, litter size, or percentage survival of thepups (Environmental Health Research andTesting 1987).
Brandgefahr
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors are generated when heated.
Chemische Reaktivität
Reactivity with Water : No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Flush with water; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Diethanolamine is primarily used in pharmaceutical formulations as a buffering agent, such as in the preparation of emulsions with fatty acids. In cosmetics and pharmaceuticals it is used as a pH adjuster and dispersant.
Diethanolamine has also been used to form the soluble salts of active compounds, such as iodinated organic acids that are used as contrast media. As a stabilizing agent, diethanolamine prevents the discoloration of aqueous formulations containing hexamethylenetetramine-1,3-dichloropropene salts.
Diethanolamine is also used in cosmetics.
Kontakt-Allergie
Diethanolamine is contained in many products, as a
metalworking fuid. Traces may exist in other etha-
nolamine-containing fuids.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by
ingestion and subcutaneous routes. Mildly
toxic by skin contact. A severe eye and mild
skin irritant. Experimental reproductive
effects. Combustible when exposed to heat
or flame; can react with oxidizing materials.
To fight fire, use alcohol foam, water, Co2,
dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes such as
NOx. See also AMINES.
mögliche Exposition
Diethanolamine is present in machining and grinding fluids and has been detected in workplace air in the metal manufacturing industry. It was present in bulk cutting fluids at levels ranging from 4 to 5% (Kenyon et al., 1993). Diethanolamine has also been reported to be present in wetting fluids used in road paving. A level of 0.05 mg/m3 was detected in a stationary sample at a slurry machine discharging a bitumen emulsion containing 0.2% of the amine. All personal exposures were below the detection limit (0.02 mg/m3) (Levin et al., 1994). In a German study (1992–94), diethanolamine was measured in samples of metalworking fluids in a range of 0–44% (n = 69). The number of samples with diethanolamine present steadily declined from 90% to 60% over the study period (Pfeiffer et al., 1996).
Carcinogenicity
When DEA was administered cutaneously
to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis,
developmental toxicity (skeletal variations)
was observed only in the rat and only at
doses causing significant maternal toxicity.
The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime-
weighted average (TLV-TWA) is 3ppm
(13mg/m3).
Stoffwechsel
Treatment of Wistar or Sherman rats with diethanolamine caused increases in the
formation of hepatic phospholipids (Artom et al 1949). In addition, dietary
administration led to incorporation of ethanolamine into hepatic phospholipids
(Artom et al 1949), and repeated oral administration of diethanolamine in drinking
water (one to three wk) at a dose of 320 mg/kg/d was found to reduce the level of
incorporation of ethanolamine and choline into hepatic and renal phospholipids in
Sprague-Dawley rats (Barbee and H?rtung 1979b).
Dermal absorption of diethanolamine is suggested to occur in rats since Nnitrosodiethanolamine
was excreted in the urine of male Sprague-Dawley rats
which had been administered diethanolamine by dermal application and given
nitrite in their drinking water (Preussman et al 1981).
Lager
Diethanolamine is hygroscopic and light- and oxygen-sensitive; it should be stored in an airtight container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
Versand/Shipping
UN2491 Ethanol
amine or Ethanolamine solutions, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.
läuterung methode
Fractionally distil the amine twice, then fractionally crystallise it from its melt. Its solubility in H2O is 10% at 20o. [Perrin & Dempsey Buffers for pH and Metal Ion Control Chapman & Hall, London 1974, Beilstein 4 H 283, 4 II 729, 4 III 689, 4 IV 1514.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Diethanolamine is a secondary amine that contains two hydroxy groups. It is capable of undergoing reactions typical of secondary amines and alcohols. The amine group usually exhibits the greater activity whenever it is possible for a reaction to take place at either the amine or a hydroxy group.
Diethanolamine will react with acids, acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, and esters to form amide derivatives, and with propylene carbonate or other cyclic carbonates to give the corresponding carbonates. As a secondary amine, diethanolamine reacts with aldehydes and ketones to yield aldimines and ketimines. Diethanolamine also reacts with copper to form complex salts. Discoloration and precipitation will take place in the presence of salts of heavy metals.
Waste disposal
Controlled incineration; incinerator equipped with a scrubber or thermal unit to reduce
nitrogen oxides emissions
Regulatory Status
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IV infusions, ophthalmic solutions, and topical preparations). Included in medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Diethanolamin Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
softener 101
coconut oil biethyl alcohol acylamine 1︰1 type
fatliquor RCF I/II
4-(PIPERIDINE-1-CARBONYL)PHENYLBORONIC ACID
Tetranatrium-4,4'-bis[[4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-(4-sulfonatoanilino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]stilben-2,2'-disulfonat]
4-(2-CYANOETHYLAMINOCARBONYL)PHENYLBORONIC ACID
antistatic Agent P
3-(2-CYANOETHYLAMINOCARBONYL)PHENYLBORONIC ACID
1-(3-Chlorphenyl)-4-(3-chlorpropyl)piperaziniumchlorid
PIPERAZINE HEXAHYDRATE
MORPHOLINEFATTYACIDSALT
1-(3-Chlorphenyl)piperazindihydrochlorid
2,2'-Methyliminodiethanol
coconut oil alcohol acylamide
Ethyl-4-phenylpiperidin-4-carboxylat
N-(2-[4-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)PIPERAZIN-1-YL]ETHYL)-3-METHOXYBENZAMIDE
2-Methoxy-ethanol
2-[[4-[[4-[Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-chlor-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]phenyl]azo]-p-kresol
Desulfurizer,high efficiency
Cyclen
dodecylyl diethanol amide 1︰2 type
Cyclophosphamide monohydrate
4-Phenylpiperidin-4-carbonitrilhydrochlorid
N,N-Bis(2-chlorethyl)-p-toluolsulfonamid
2-Bromo-N-(2-bromoethyl)ethanamine
lauroyl bi-ethyl alcohol acylamine 1︰1 type
2-Chlor-N-(2-chlorethyl)-N-methyl-ethanamin-hydrochlorid
4-phenyl-1-(p-tolylsulphonyl)piperidine-4-carboxylic acid
Bis(2-chloroethyl)aminophosphonic dichloride
Bis(2-chlorethyl)aminhydrochlorid
Glyphosat
dodecay diethanol amine sulfate
Iminodi(essigsure)
Caseine
Ketoconazol
1-(2,6-Xylyl)piperazin
Dropropizin
1-(3,5-Dichlorphenyl)piperazin
4-(PYRROLIDIN-1-YLMETHYL)BENZENEBORONIC ACID, PINACOL ESTER 97%1-[4-(4,4,5,5-TETRAMETHYL-1,3,2-DIOXABOROLAN-2-YL)BENZYL]PYRROLIDINE
Chlormethin
