二亜硫酸二ナトリウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色の結晶又は結晶性の粉末
定義
本品は、ピロ亜硫酸のナトリウム塩であり、次の化学式で表される。
溶解性
水に易溶。エタノールに不溶。水に溶けやすく、エタノールにほとんど溶けない。
用途
食品中の保存剤、漂白剤、酸化防止剤。還元性を利用して、アスコルビン酸又は染毛剤の抗酸化剤として用いることができる。漂白剤として特殊な化粧料にも用いられる。 サリチル酸製剤などの変色防止剤にも用いられる。化粧品原料(清浄用化粧品、頭髪用化粧品、基礎化粧品、メークアップ化粧品、芳香化粧品、日焼け?日焼け止め化粧品、爪化粧品、入浴用化粧品)
用途
還元剤、漂白剤、写真用薬品。
化粧品の成分用途
還元剤、酸化防止剤
効能
酸化防止剤
使用上の注意
吸湿性あり。空気中で徐々に分解する。
化学的特性
Sodium metabisulfite is a white crystalline powder. Sulfur dioxide odor. It may be considered the anhydride of 2 molecules of sodium disulfite.
使用
sodium metabisulfite is an anti-oxidant and reducing agent.
定義
ChEBI: An inorganic sodium salt composed of sodium and disulfite ions in a 2:1 ratio.
調製方法
Sodium metabisulfite is prepared by saturating a solution of sodium
hydroxide with sulfur dioxide and allowing crystallization to occur;
hydrogen is passed through the solution to exclude air. Sodium
metabisulfite may also be prepared by saturating a solution of
sodium carbonate with sulfur dioxide and allowing crystallization
to occur, or by thermally dehydrating sodium bisulfite.
一般的な説明
Sodium metabisulfite (MBS, Sodium disulfite) is an inorganic salt. It is the sodium salt of disulphurous (pyrosulfurous) acid. It is widely used in textile dyeing, photography and paper industry. It is also commonly added to various food products and wines as a preservative.
危険性
Toxic by inhalation. Upper respiratory tract
irritant. Questionable carcinogen.
健康ハザード
Sodium metabisulfite may cause
bronchospasm, oculonasal symptoms, and
urticaria in sulfite-sensitive individuals; irritation
of mucous membranes may occur from
inhalation of the dust.
応用例（製薬）
Sodium metabisulfite is used as an antioxidant in oral, parenteral,
and topical pharmaceutical formulations, at concentrations of
0.01–1.0% w/v, and at a concentration of approximately 27% w/v
in intramuscular injection preparations. Primarily, sodium metabisulfite
is used in acidic preparations; for alkaline preparations,
sodium sulfite is usually preferred. Sodium
metabisulfite also has some antimicrobial activity, which is greatest
at acid pH, and may be used as a preservative in oral preparations
such as syrups.
In the food industry and in wine production, sodium metabisulfite
is similarly used as an antioxidant, antimicrobial preservative,
and antibrowning agent. However, at concentrations above
about 550 ppm it imparts a noticeable flavor to preparations.
Sodium metabisulfite usually contains small amounts of sodium
sulfite and sodium sulfate.
接触アレルゲン
This agent is frequently used as a preservative in pharmaceutical products, in the bread-making industry as an antioxidant, and it can induce contact dermatitis. It can be used as a reducing agent in photography and caused dermatitis in a photographic technician, probably acting as an aggravating irritative factor. Sodium metabisulfite contains a certain amount of sodium sulfite and sodium sulfate.
安全性プロファイル
An inhalation hazard. Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by parenteral route. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx and Na2O.
安全性
Sodium metabisulfite is widely used as an antioxidant in oral,
topical, and parenteral pharmaceutical formulations; it is also
widely used in food products.
Although it is extensively used in a variety of preparations,
sodium metabisulfite and other sulfites have been associated with a
number of severe to fatal adverse reactions. These are usually
hypersensitivity-type reactions and include bronchospasm and
anaphylaxis. Allergy to sulfite antioxidants is estimated to occur
in 5–10% of asthmatics, although adverse reactions may also occur
in nonasthmatics with no history of allergy.
Following oral ingestion, sodium metabisulfite is oxidized to
sulfate and is excreted in urine. Ingestion may result in gastric
irritation, owing to the liberation of sulfurous acid, while ingestion
of large amounts of sodium metabisulfite can cause colic, diarrhea,
circulatory disturbances, CNS depression, and death.
In Europe, the acceptable daily intake of sodium metabisulfite
and other sulfites used in foodstuffs has been set at up to 3.5 mg/kg
body-weight, calculated as sulfur dioxide (SO2). The WHO has
similarly also set an acceptable daily intake of sodium metabisulfite,
and other sulfites, at up to 7.0 mg/kg body-weight, calculated as
sulfur dioxide (SO2).
LD50 (rat, IV): 0.12 g/kg
職業ばく露
Sodium metabisulfite is used as an antioxidant in pharmaceutical preparations and as a preservative in foods. People with asthma have a greater chance of having an allergic reaction with this chemical. Individuals allergic to sodium bisulfite (a food preservative found in some wine, fresh shrimp; packaged foods; and restaurant salads and potatoes) may have a severe reaction when exposed to sodium metabisulfite.
発がん性
Sodium metabisulfite was genotoxic in
mice in vivo as determined by chromosomal
aberration, micronucleus, and sperm shape
assays. It was not mutagenic in bacterial
assays.
貯蔵
On exposure to air and moisture, sodium metabisulfite is slowly
oxidized to sodium sulfate with disintegration of the crystals.
Addition of strong acids to the solid liberates sulfur dioxide.
In water, sodium metabisulfite is immediately converted to
sodium (Na+) and bisulfite (HSO3-) ions. Aqueous sodium
metabisulfite solutions also decompose in air, especially on heating.
Solutions that are to be sterilized by autoclaving should be filled into
containers in which the air has been replaced with an inert gas, such
as nitrogen. The addition of dextrose to aqueous sodium
metabisulfite solutions results in a decrease in the stability of the
metabisulfite.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container,
protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
輸送方法
UN1759 Corrosive solids, n.o.s., Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material, Technical Name required. UN2693 Bisulfites, inorganic, aqueous solutions, n.o.s., Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.
不和合性
Sodium metabisulfite reacts with sympathomimetics and other
drugs that are ortho- or para-hydroxybenzyl alcohol derivatives to
form sulfonic acid derivatives possessing little or no pharmacological
activity. The most important drugs subject to this inactivation
are epinephrine (adrenaline) and its derivatives. In addition,
sodium metabisulfite is incompatible with chloramphenicol owing
to a more complex reaction; it also inactivates cisplatin in
solution.
It is incompatible with phenylmercuric acetate when autoclaved
in eye drop preparations.
Sodium metabisulfite may react with the rubber caps of
multidose vials, which should therefore be pretreated with sodium
metabisulfite solution.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe.
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (epidural;inhalation; IM and IV injections; ophthalmic solutions; oral
preparations; rectal, topical, and vaginal preparations). Included
in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines licensed in the UK.
Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients.
二亜硫酸二ナトリウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
4-フェニル-6-ヒドロキシ-7-メトキシ-2H-1-ベンゾピラン-2-オン
4-bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile
2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile
(1S,2S,3R,5S)-(+)-2,3-ピナンジオール
アセタゾラミド
5-ブロモ-6-クロロニコチン酸
アミノピリン
2,4-ジクロロ-3-メチル安息香酸
valanea tanning extract
friction reducer SAF
oil-proof, water-proof finishing agent
7,7'-(カルボニルビスイミノ)ビス(4-ヒドロキシナフタレン-2-スルホン酸)
Hydroxocobalamin Hydrochloride
3-アミノ-5-クロロピリジン
4-アセチル-2-クロロピリジン-3-アミン
4-クロロ-3-(トリフルオロメチル)ベンズアルデヒド
1,3,3-トリメチル-2-メチレンインドリン
2-プロピル-4-ピリジンカルボニトリル
2-クロロベンゼンスルホンアミド
サリチルアミド
葉酸水和物
3-アミノ-2,4,6-トリヨード安息香酸
3-ニトロピリジン-4-カルボン酸
2-(ソジオオキシスルホニル)こはく酸ビスオクチル
1-ジアゾ-2-ナフトール-4-スルホン酸
4-メトキシ-2-ニトロアニリン
2-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-4-BROMO-1-METHYL-5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)-1H-PYRROLE-3-CARBONITRILE
Tannin resin glue
Penetrating agent
S-(カルボキシメチル)-L-システイン
ジオクチルソジウムスルホサクシネート
5-ブロモ-6-ヒドロキシニコチン酸
イセチオン酸ナトリウム
ビリルビン
4-メチル-3-ニトロピリジン
3-クロロ-5-ニトロピリジン
1-(3-アミノピリジン-4-イル)エタノン
5-ヒドロキシピリジン-2-カルボン酸
4-ベンゼンスルフィン酸ナトリウム
2,4-DICHLORO-3-METHYL-5-NITROBENZOIC ACID