| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN | [CAS]
7585-39-9 | [Synonyms]
BW 7
Klep
betadex
CARAWAY
Celdex N
FEMA 4028
CavaMax W 7
Celdex B 100
beta-dextrin
Cycloglucans
Cvclodextrin
Beta Chitosan
Cycloamyloses
Cyclodextrins
Celdex B 100H
Celdex B 100z
Cibatex OC-CLD
Dexy Pearl 100
β-Cyclodextran
Β-CycIodextrin
B-Cyclodextrin
cycloheptaglucan
Dextrin, β-cyclo
BETA BYCLODEXTRIN
CAVAMAX W7 PharMa
beta-cycloamylose
BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN
CYCLODEXTRIN BETA
BETA-CYCLODEXTRINE
cyclodextrin-b gm
CYCLOMALTOHEPTAOSE
cycloheptaglucosan
cycloheptapentylose
Schardingerdex-trins
β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)
Glucose-b-cyclodextrin
beta-cycloheptaamylose
Schardinger β-Dextrin
beta-Cyclodextrin >=97%
b-Cyclodextrin (1.02127)
SCHARDINGER BETA-DEXTRIN
BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN,REAGENT
Cyclodextrin Beta W 7M1.8
B-cyclodextrin crystalline
Beta Cyclodextrin (250 mg)
beta-Cyclodextrin, 95.0%(LC)
B-cyclodextrin cell culture tested
β-Cyclodextrin, ycloheptaamylose (7CI)
BETA-CYCLODEXTRINFROMAGMSTRAINOFECOLIK12
Cycloheptaamylose
Schardinger beta-Dextrin
(2-Hydroxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylamino)propyl β-cyclodextrin chloride hydrate
Caraway, Cycloheptaamylose, Cyclomaltoheptaose, Schardinger β-Dextrin
(2-Hydroxy-3-N,N,N-trimethylamino)propyl beta-cyclodextrin chloride hydrate
beta-Cyclodextrin produced by Wacker Chemie AG, Burghausen, Germany, >=95.0% (HPLC)
beta-Cyclodextrin Produced by Wacker Chemie AG, Burghausen, Germany, Life Science, >=98.0% (HPLC) | [EINECS(EC#)]
231-493-2 | [Molecular Formula]
C42H70O35 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00078139 | [MOL File]
7585-39-9.mol | [Molecular Weight]
1134.98 |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
white powder | [Melting point ]
290-300 °C (dec.) (lit.) | [alpha ]
[α]D25 +159～+165° (c=1, H2O) (After Drying) | [Boiling point ]
844.96°C (rough estimate) | [density ]
1.2296 (rough estimate) | [FEMA ]
4028 | BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN | [refractive index ]
1.7500 (estimate) | [storage temp. ]
room temp | [solubility ]
1 M NaOH: 50 mg/mL
| [form ]
powder
| [pka]
11.73±0.70(Predicted) | [color ]
white | [Odor]
at 100.00 %. odorless | [PH]
5.0-8.0 (1% in solution, Ph Eur) | [Stability:]
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. | [Odor Type]
odorless | [optical activity]
[α]20/D +162±3°, c = 1.5% in H2O | [Water Solubility ]
Soluble in water and ammonium hydroxide. | [Merck ]
2718 | [BRN ]
78623 | [LogP]
-9.06 | [EPA Substance Registry System]
.beta.-Cyclodextrin (7585-39-9) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
white powder | [Usage]
β-Cyclodextrin is a cyclic oligosaccharide produced from starch via enzymatic conversion. β-Cyclodextrin is commonly used to produce HPLC columns allowing chiral enantiomers separation. | [Occurrence]
A derivative of naturally occurring starch. | [Uses]
β-Cyclodextrin is a cyclic oligosaccharide produced from starch via enzymatic conversion. β-Cyclodextrin is commonly used to produce HPLC columns allowing chiral enantiomers separation. | [Definition]
ChEBI: Beta-cyclodextrin is a cyclodextrin composed of seven alpha-(1->4) linked D-glucopyranose units. | [Preparation]
Usually produced commercially from Bacillus macerans or B. circulans fermentation of starch or starch hydrolysate. | [Production Methods]
Cyclodextrins are manufactured by the enzymatic degradation of
starch using specialized bacteria. For example, β-cyclodextrin is
produced by the action of the enzyme cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase
upon starch or a starch hydrolysate. An organic solvent is
used to direct the reaction that produces β-cyclodextrin, and to
prevent the growth of microorganisms during the enzymatic
reaction. The insoluble complex of β-cyclodextrin and organic
solvent is separated from the noncyclic starch, and the organic
solvent is removed in vacuo so that less than 1 ppm of solvent
remains in the β-cyclodextrin. The β-cyclodextrin is then carbon
treated and crystallized from water, dried, and collected. | [Essential oil composition]
In addition to carvone, the oil contains d-limonene, carveol, diacetyl furfural, methyl alcohol, acetic
aldehyde and other substances. Caraway oil consists of 3.5 to 7% volatile and fatty oils; resin, sugar, tannin, mucilage. | [Taste threshold values]
Reported to have a taste threshold value lower than that of sucrose with a detection level of 3.9 to 27 ppm
and a recognition level of 11 to 52 ppm | [General Description]
Beta-Cyclodextrin is the most abundant and cheap cyclic oligosaccharide that forms inclusion complexes with several drug molecules. Its main application is in tablet and capsule formulations.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards. | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Nonflammable | [Pharmaceutical Applications]
Cyclodextrins are ‘bucketlike’ or ‘conelike’ toroid molecules, with a rigid structure and a central cavity, the size of which varies according to the cyclodextrin type. The internal surface of the cavity is hydrophobic and the outside of the torus is hydrophilic; this is due to the arrangement of hydroxyl groups within the molecule. This arrangement permits the cyclodextrin to accommodate a guest molecule within the cavity, forming an inclusion complex.
Cyclodextrins may be used to form inclusion complexes with a variety of drug molecules, resulting primarily in improvements to dissolution and bioavailability owing to enhanced solubility and improved chemical and physical stability.
Cyclodextrin inclusion complexes have also been used to mask the unpleasant taste of active materials and to convert a liquid substance into a solid material.
b-Cyclodextrin is the most commonly used cyclodextrin, although it is the least soluble. It is the least expensive cyclodextrin; is commercially available from a number of sources; and is able to form inclusion complexes with a number of molecules of pharmaceutical interest. However, b-cyclodextrin is nephrotoxic and should not be used in parenteral formulations. b-Cyclodextrin is primarily used in tablet and capsule formulations.
In oral tablet formulations, b-cyclodextrin may be used in both wet-granulation and direct-compression processes. The physical properties of b-cyclodextrin vary depending on the manufacturer. However, b-cyclodextrin tends to possess poor flow properties and requiresalubricant,such as 0.1% w/w magnesium stearate,when it is directly compressed.
In parenteral formulations, cyclodextrins have been used to produce stable and soluble preparations of drugs that would otherwise have been formulated using a nonaqueous solvent.
In eye drop formulations, cyclodextrins form water-soluble complexes with lipophilic drugs such as corticosteroids. They have been shown to increase the water solubility of the drug; to enhance drug absorption into the eye; to improve aqueous stability; and to reduce local irritation.
Cyclodextrins have also been used in the formulation of solutions,suppositories, and cosmetics. | [Biochem/physiol Actions]
β-Cyclodextrin is the cyclic α heptamer of glucose. It acts as a host to form inclusion compounds with the guests including derivatives of benzene, cyclohexane, adamantane, other alicyclic guests, and also inorganic molecules or ions. It is generally used to solubilize non-polar compounds such a fatty acids, lipids and cholesterol. | [Safety]
Cyclodextrins are starch derivatives and are mainly used in oral and
parenteral pharmaceutical formulations. They are also used in
topical and ophthalmic formulations.
Cyclodextrins are also used in cosmetics and food products, and
are generally regarded as essentially nontoxic and nonirritant
materials. However, when administered parenterally, β-cyclodextrin
is not metabolized but accumulates in the kidneys as insoluble
cholesterol complexes, resulting in severe nephrotoxicity.
Cyclodextrin administered orally is metabolized by microflora in
the colon, forming the metabolites maltodextrin, maltose, and
glucose; these are themselves further metabolized before being
finally excreted as carbon dioxide and water. Although a study
published in 1957 suggested that orally administered cyclodextrins
were highly toxic, more recent animal toxicity studies in rats and
dogs have shown this not to be the case, and cyclodextrins are now
approved for use in food products and orally administered
pharmaceuticals in a number of countries.
Cyclodextrins are not irritant to the skin and eyes, or upon
inhalation. There is also no evidence to suggest that cyclodextrins
are mutagenic or teratogenic.
β-Cyclodextrin
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.33 g/kg(16)
LD50 (mouse, SC): 0.41 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IP): 0.36 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IV): 1.0 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 18.8 g/kg
LD50 (rat, SC): 3.7 g/kg | [storage]
Cyclodextrins should be stored in a tightly sealed container, in a
cool, dry place.Cyclodextrins are stable in the solid state if
protected from high humidity. | [Purification Methods]
Recrystallise β-cyclodextrin from water and dry it for 12hours in a vacuum at 110o, or 24hours in a vacuum at 70o. The purity is assessed by TLC on cellulose containing a fluorescent indicator. [Taguchi, J Am Chem Soc 108 2705 1986, Tabushi et al. J Am Chem Soc 108 4514 1986, Orstam & Ross J Phys Chem 91 2739 1987.] [Beilstein 19 IV 6287, 19/12 V 801.] | [Regulatory Status]
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database: α-cyclodextrin
(injection preparations); β-cyclodextrin (oral tablets, topical gels);
γ-cyclodextrin (IV injections).
Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients (stabilizing agent; solubilizing agent ); and in oral and
rectal pharmaceutical formulations licensed in Europe, Japan, and
the USA. |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Description]
Cyclodextrins refer to a family of compounds consisting of sugar molecules bound together in ring (cyclic oligosaccharides). It is produced from starch through enzymatic conversion. Beta-cyclodextrin is the 7-membered sugar ring molecular form of cyclodextrin. Cyclodextrin has various applications. In the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used as complexing agents for increasing the solubility of poorly soluble drug as well as increasing their bioavailability and stability. It can also alleviate the gastrointestinal drug irritation, and prevent drug-drug and drug-excipient interactions. It can also be used in food, pharmaceutical, drug delivery, and chemical industries, as well as agriculture and environmental engineering.
| [References]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclodextrin
https://notendur.hi.is/thorstlo/general.pdf
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