ATP disodium salt hydrate (5mM; 1 hour) co-treatment with LPS (1 μg/ml) has a synergistic effect on the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in HGFs. ATP disodium salt hydrate (2 mM; 0.5-24 hours) induces secretion of interleukin 1β, KC and MIP-2 from bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro in a caspase-1 activation-dependent manner. ATP disodium salt hydrate stimulats cytokine and chemokine secretion and inflammasome activation directly and indirectly induces in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis.
ATP disodium salt hydrate (50 mg/kg; i.p.) protects mice against bacterial infection in vivo. ATP disodium salt hydrate induces the secretion of IL1β, KC and MIP-2 and neutrophils recruitment in vivo.