Calciumhypochlorit Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEISSER FESTSTOFF IN VERSCHIEDENEN FORMEN MIT STECHENDEM GERUCH.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Verschlucken und durch Inhalation.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden, vor allem als Pulver.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz verätzt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. ätzend beim Verschlucken. Inhalation der Zersetzungsprodukte der Substanz kann zu Lungenödem führen (s.Anm.). Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und Dämpfe. Chemikalienschutzanzug. Gesichtsschutz benutzen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Verschüttetes Material in luftdichten, trockenen Behältern sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R8:Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R31:Entwickelt bei Berührung mit Säure giftige Gase.
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
R50:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
CaCl2O2; Calciumoxichlorid. Farblos-graues Granulat, wenig wasserlöslich mit starkem Chlorgeruch. Hauptbestandteil von Chlorkalk.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
Erzeugt ernste Reizungen. Einatmen führt zu Schädigung der Atmungsorgane und Zahnschäden. Nach Verschlucken treten Schmerzen im gesamten Intestinalbereich auf. Es kann zu Erbrechen, Schleimhautödemen, Magen- und Darmblutungen kommen. Kreislaufkollaps, Koma und Lungenödeme sind möglich.
Nicht mit starken Säuren oder starken Reduktionsmitteln in Berührung bringen. Setzt ab 180 鳦 unter Wärmeabgabe Chlor und Sauerstoff frei. Mit Säuren, speziell Salzsäure werden Chlor und Chlorwasserstoff freigesetzt. Heftigste Reaktionen mit Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallen. Reagiert im feuchten Zustand mit fast allen Metallen.
Gefährliche Zersetzungsprodukte sind Chlor, Chlorwasserstoff und Sauerstoff.
Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.
Brandfördernd.
LD50 (oral, Ratte): 850 mg/kg.
Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Staubschutz.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Trocken aufnehmen. Staubentwicklung vermeiden.
Wassersprühstrahl.
Im Brandfall werden giftige Gase freigesetzt. Brandfördernd.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 10 Minuten ausspülen. Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft, Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Verschlucken: Mund ausspülen, reichlich Wasser oder Milch zu trinken geben. Arzt hinzuziehen. Erbrechen vermeiden (Perforationsgefahr!). Kein Essig, Zitronensaft oder ähnliches.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung sofort entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
In Wasser suspendieren und mit Natronlauge versetzten, bis die Suspension alkalich reagiert. Dann in die wässrigen, alkalischen Lösemittelabfälle geben.
Beschreibung
Calcium hypochlorite, is an oxysalt; it is a crystalline solid and an oxidizer that decomposes at 212°F (100°C). Calcium hypochlorite is a dangerous fire risk in contact with organic materials. It is also a common swimming pool chlorinator and decomposes in contact with water, releasing chlorine into the water. If a container of calcium hypochlorite becomes wet in storage, the result can be an exothermic reaction. If combustible materials are present, a fire may occur. The chlorine in the compound will be released by contact with the water and will then accelerate the combustion process. The four-digit UN identification number for dry mixtures with not less than 39% available chlorine (8.8% oxygen) is 1748; hydrated with not less than 5.5% and not more than 10% water, the number is 2880; mixtures that are dry, with not less than 10% but not more than 39% available chlorine, are numbered as 2208. The NFPA 704 designation for calcium hypochlorite is health 3, flammability 0, and reactivity 1. The white section at the bottom of the diamond has the prefix “oxy,” indicating an oxidizer. The primary uses are as a bleaching agent, a swimming pool disinfectant, a fungicide, in potable-water purification, and as a deodorant.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Calcium hypochlorite, Ca(OCl)2.4H20, also known as calcium oxychloride, chlorinated lime, and bleach, is a deliquescent white powder used as a bleaching agent in the textile and pulp industries and as a disinfectant. It contains 60 to 65% available chlorine,
Physikalische Eigenschaften
White crystalline solid; density 2.35 g/cm
3; decomposes when heated to 100°C; soluble in water and alcohol (with decomposition).
Verwenden
Bleaching powder is actually a mixture of calcium
hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) and the basic chloride CaCl2,
H2O with some slaked lime, Ca(OH)2. The product is
generally called “bleaching powder”. It consists of
a mixture of calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium hypochlorite
(Ca(OCl)2), and calcium chloride hypochlorite
(CaCl(OCl)). Ca(ClO)2 is used in industrial wastewater treatment,
sanitation and cleaning, epidemic prevention and
household sanitation facilities, as well as for disinfection
and sterilization of swimming pools, drinking water,
cleaning vegetables, and sanitizing fishponds.
Calcium hypochlorite has
been used for bleaching of cotton, hemp, fiber, pulp
and starch, disinfection of surfaces, and as a sterilant
for water treatment. It has also been proposed as a solid
fire extinguisher.
Definition
A white solid that
can be regarded as a mixture of calcium
chlorate(I) (calcium hypochlorite), calcium
chloride, and calcium hydroxide. It is prepared
on a large scale by passing a current
of chlorine through a tilted cylinder down
which is passed calcium hydroxide. Bleaching
powder has been used for bleaching
paper pulps and fabrics and for sterilizing
water. Its bleaching power arises from the
formation, in the presence of air containing
carbon dioxide, of the oxidizing agent
chloric(I) acid (hypochlorous acid, HClO):
Ca(ClO)
2.Ca(OH)
2.CaCl
2 + 2CO
2 →
2CaCO
3 + CaCl
2 + 2HClO.
synthetische
Calcium hypochlorite is manufactured by two main processes, the socalled
“calcium process” and the “sodium process”.
These are essentially the same as described for the
Mg(ClO)2 salt method given above except that a sodium
hypochlorite salt is used in one case and a calcium chloride
salt in the other. The products are nearly the same. Calcium hypochlorite
is manufactured by the calcium process:
2Ca(OH)2＋2Cl2→Ca(ClO)2＋CaCl2＋2H2O
In another method developed for the manufacture of
Ca(ClO)2, chlorine gas is reacted with calcium
hydroxide:
Ca(OH)2＋ 2Cl2→Ca(ClO)2＋ 2HCl
In this method, it is claimed that the excess HCl is
neutralized by excess Ca(OH)2 to form CaCl2. The
product is said to be more “neutral” chemically and
more stable than that produced by other methods.
Reaktionen
As strong oxidant, calcium
hypochlorite may react with vigor in combination with
carbon compounds, and combination with finely
divided carbon particles forms an explosive mixture.
Reaction with acetylene leads to creation of explosive
chloroacetylenes. Contact with organic matter, oil,
hydrocarbons and alcohols such as methanol or ethanol may cause a violent explosion. Reaction with
nitromethane causes a delayed violent reaction.
Organic sulfur compounds such as sulfides react by
self-ignition and explosion. Iron oxide in metal
containers catalyze oxygen-evolving decomposition of
the oxidant.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated is a white granular solid or tablets compressed from the granules having an odor of chlorine. Calcium hypochlorite is noncombustible, but Calcium hypochlorite will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. Calcium hypochlorite is decomposed by water with evolution of chlorine gas and heat. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in the vigorous decomposition of the material and rupture of the container. Material containing less than 39% available chlorine may undergo reactions as described above though Calcium hypochlorite may take longer to initiate, and the resulting reactions may not be as vigorous. Calcium hypochlorite is used for water purification, disinfectant for swimming pools, for bleaching paper and textiles, and for many other uses.
Reaktivität anzeigen
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE is a powerful oxidizing agent, particularly in the presence of water or at higher temperature as Calcium hypochlorite decomposes to release oxygen and chlorine gases. As strong oxidant Calcium hypochlorite may react with vigor in combination with carbon, especially finely divided is explosive; acetylene, leads to creation of explosive chloroacetylenes; organic matter, oil, hydrocarbons; alcohols may cause explosion, methanol, ethanol, etc.; nitromethane caused delayed violent reaction; organic sulfur compounds, sulfides tend toward ignition and sometimes explosion; with iron oxide in metal containers catalyze oxygen evolving decomposition of the oxidant. Calcium hypochlorite forms highly explosive NCl3 on contact with urea. Produces highly toxic gaseous chlorine gas when heated or on contact with acids [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1905]. Mixture of damp sulfur with hypochlorite caused a violent reaction, that ejected molten sulfur, Chem Eng. News, 1965, 46(29), 6.
Hazard
Dangerous fire risk in contact with organic
materials.
Health Hazard
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Brandgefahr
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Industrielle Verwendung
Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)
2 can be found in swimming pool disinfectants,
in bleaching agents, in deodorants and in fungicides.
Versand/Shipping
UN1748 Calcium hypochlorite, dry or Calcium
hypochlorite mixtures dry with .39% available chlorine
(8.8% available oxygen), Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-
Oxidizer. UN2208 Calcium hypochlorite mixtures, dry,
with .10% but not .39% available chlorine, Hazard
Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer. UN2880 Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated or Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixtures, with not ,5.5% but not .16% water, Hazard Class:
5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer
Inkompatibilitäten
A powerful oxidizer. Decomposes in
heat or sunlight; becomes explosive above 100C/212F.
Incompatible with strong acids; water and other forms of
moisture, reducing agents; combustible materials; all other
chemicals, especially acetylene, aniline and all other
amines, anthracene, carbon tetrachloride, iron oxide, manganese oxide, mercaptans, diethylene glycol monomethyl
ether, nitromethane, organic matter; organic sulfides, phenol, 1-propanethiol, propyl mercaptan, sulfur, turpentine,
organic sulfur compounds. Attacks various metals, releasing flammable hydrogen gas.
Waste disposal
Dissolve the material in water
and add to a large volume of concentrated reducing agent
solution, then acidify the mixture with H2SO4. When reduction is complete, soda ash is added to make the solution
alkaline. The alkaline liquid is decanted from any sludge
produced, neutralized, and diluted before discharge to a
sewer or stream. The sludge is landfilled
Calciumhypochlorit Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
