Bleidioxid Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
BRAUNE KRISTALLEODER PULVER.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen auf 290°C, unter Bildung von Sauerstoff und giftigen Rauchen. Reagiert sehr heftig mit brennbaren Stoffen, organischen Stoffen, Schwefel, Wasserstoffperoxid und Phosphor. Feuergefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: (als Pb) 0.05 mg/m?(als TWA) Krebskategorie A3 (bestätigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Tier mit unbekannter Bedeutung für den Menschen); BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: Krebserzeugend Kategorie 2; Keimzellmutagen Kategorie 3A; (DFG 2006).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf Blut, Knochenmark, Zentralnervensystem, peripheres Nervensystemund Nieren mit nachfolgender Anämie, Enzephalopathie (z.B. Krämpfe), peripherer Nervenkrankheit, Bauchkrämpfen und Nierenschäden. Fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend. Wahrscheinlich krebserzeugend für den Menschen.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P3-Filter für giftige Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R61:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib schädigen.
R8:Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.
R20/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
R33:Gefahr kumulativer Wirkungen.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
R62:Kann möglicherweise die Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit beeinträchtigen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Lead dioxide, PbO
2, also plumbic oxide, is an odorless dark-brown crystalline powder which is nearly insoluble in water. It exists in two crystalline forms. The a phase has orthorhombic symmetry, lattice constants a=0.497 nm, b=0.596 nm, c= 0.544 nm, Z=4 (four formula units per unit cell).
Chemische Eigenschaften
Lead dioxide is a dark brown crystalline solid
or powder.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Red tetragonal crystals or brown powder; density 9.64 g/cm
3; decomposes on heating at 290°C; practically insoluble in water; also insoluble in alkalis; moderately soluble in hydrochloric acid and also, in nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture; slowly dissolves in acetic acid.
Occurrence
Lead dioxide occurs in nature as the mineral plattnerite. It is used as an oxidizing agent in manufacturing dyes and intermediates. It also is used as a source of oxygen in matches, pyrotechnics, and explosives. In matches, the oxide is combined with amorphous phosphorus as an ignition surface. It also is used in making lead pigments, liquid polysulfide polymers and rubber substitutes. Lead dioxide electrodes are used in lead storage batteries in which lead dioxide accumulates on positive plates.
Verwenden
Lead dioxide occurs in nature as the mineral plattnerite. It is used as an oxidizing agent in manufacturing dyes and intermediates. It also is used as a source of oxygen in matches, pyrotechnics, and explosives. In matches, the oxide is combined with amorphous phosphorus as an ignition surface. It also is used in making lead pigments, liquid polysulfide polymers and rubber substitutes. Lead dioxide electrodes are used in lead storage batteries in which lead dioxide accumulates on positive plates.
synthetische
Lead dioxide is produced by oxidizing an alkaline slurry of lead monoxide with chlorine, sodium hypochlorite, or bleaching powder. Alternatively, it is obtained by passing chlorine into a hot aqueous suspension of lead sulfate and magnesium hydroxide. The ionic reaction is:
Pb(OH)
3ˉ +ClOˉ → PbO
2 + Clˉ+ OHˉ + H
2O
It also is produced by electrolysis of acidic solutions of lead salts using a lead or platinum electrode. In such electrolytic process, lead dioxide is deposited on the anode of the cell.
Insoluble powdered lead dioxide also may be obtained when lead tetroxide is heated with nitric acid:
Pb
3 O
4 + 4HNO
3 → 2Pb(N)
3)
2 + PbO
2 + 2H
2O
Lead dioxide also can be prepared by fusing lead monoxide with a mixture of sodium nitrate and sodium chlorate.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Brown, hexagonal crystals. Insoluble in water. Used in matches, explosives, electrodes.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Noncombustible but accelerates the burning of combustible material. Reacts violently with hydrogen sulfide [Bretherick 1979. p. 977-978]. Ignites with hydroxylamine [Mellor 8:291. 1946-47]. Reacts violently with hydrogen peroxide [Mellor 1:937 1946-47], with phenylhydrazine [Mellor 7:637 1946-47], or with sulfuryl chloride [Mellor 10:676. 1946-47]. Reacts with incandescence with sulfur dioxide [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 7, 689]. Explodes when ground with boron or yellow phosphorus [Mellor, 1946, Vol. 5, 17]. Mixtures with sulfur and red phosphorus ignite [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 7, 689]. Reacts vigorously when heated with calcium sulfide, strontium sulfide or barium sulfide [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 3, 745].
Health Hazard
Toxic by ingestion. Inhalation of dust is toxic. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Contact with substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Brandgefahr
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some may burn rapidly. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
mögliche Exposition
This material is used in electrodes for
lead-acid batteries; in matches; explosives, and as a curing
agent for polysulfide elastomers
Versand/Shipping
UN1872 Lead dioxide, Hazard Class: 5.1;
Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer.
Inkompatibilitäten
Lead dioxide is a powerful oxidizer.
Violent reaction with many compounds, including reducing
agents; chemically active metals; combustible materials,
strong acids, alkaline earth sulfides, aluminum carbides,
aluminum, amines, calcium sulfide, carbides, chlorine trifluoride, glycerin, hydrides, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen
peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydroxylamine, magnesium,
metal powders, metal sulfides, molybdenum, phenylhydrazine, phosphorous red/friction, phosphorous trichloride, silicon, sulfides, sulfur, sulfur dioxide, sulfur/friction, sulfuric
acid, tungsten, hydrogen trisulfide
Waste disposal
Conversion to soluble salt,
precipitation as sulfide and return to supplier. Do not discharge into drains or sewers. Dispose of waste material as
hazardous waste using a licensed disposal contractor to an
approved landfill. Consult with environmental regulatory
agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Containers must be disposed of properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal
environmental control agency, or by contacting your
regional EPA office.
Bleidioxid Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
(4-(alpha-(4-(Dimethylamino)-phenyl)benzyliden)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yliden)dimethylammonium-chlorid
5-BROMOPYRIDINE-2,3-DICARBOXYLIC ACID
4-AMINO-1,2,5-OXADIAZOLE-3-CARBONITRILE
[4-[4-(Diethylamino)benzhydrylen]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yliden]diethylammoniumhydrogensulfat
Indigosol Green Blue IBC
Natriumchlorat
Dihydrogen(ethyl)[4-[4-[ethyl(3-sulfonatobenzyl)]amino]-2'-sulfonatobenzhydryliden]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yliden](3-sulfonatobenzyl)ammonium, Dinatriumsalz
2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
4,4'-vinylidenbis(N,N-dimethylanilin)
4-(Difluoromethyl)benzonitrile
