クリサジン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
黄色〜褐色, 結晶〜粉末又は塊
溶解性
エタノール、エーテル、クロロホルム、酢酸、ニトロベンゼンに可溶。冷アンモニア水、炭酸ナトリウムに不溶。エタノールに溶け、水にほとんど溶けない。
用途
有機合成原料(染料)、Ca,Ba,Pb分析試薬。
用途
現在、合成潤滑油の酸化防止剤、実験的な抗腫瘍剤の合成、ウドンコ病対策の殺菌剤、染料の製造の中間体
効能
瀉下薬
説明
Danthron, a natural product, was originally extracted from
the roots and rhizome of Polygonaceae plant, also
called Da Huang in traditional Chinese herbal medicine.
Now it is synthesized in many countries, such as Germany,
India, Japan, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United
States. Danthron is reasonably anticipated to be a human
carcinogen.
Danthron is an anthraquinone that exists at room temperature
as a red or orange crystalline powder.It is practically
insoluble in water, but soluble in a variety of solvents
(acetone, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethanol) and alkaline
hydroxide solutions. The stability of danthron is generally
good. It is stable under room temperatures and normal pressures.
化学的特性
orange-brown or brown powder
使用
1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone can be used:
- To prepare an inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin, applicable as a sensor in the estimation of Cu2+?ions in an aqueous solution.
- As a starting material in the synthesis of 1,4,5,8-tetramethoxyanthracene.
- As an aromatic scavenger in the modification of lignin, which acts as a corrosion inhibitor for steel.
定義
ChEBI: 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite.
世界保健機関（WHO）
Dantron, an anthroquinone derivative, has been available for over
twenty years and is widely used as a laxative. The results of two chronic toxicity
studies in rodents, published in 1985 and 1986, have shown that administration of
high doses is associated with the development of intestinal and liver tumours.
一般的な説明
Orange crystalline powder. Almost odorless and tasteless.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone is incompatible with strong reducing substances such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides.
火災危険
Flash point data for 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone are not available; however, 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone is probably combustible.
副作用
Liver injury may occur with 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone when used as a laxative for one year. Symptoms disappeared after discontinuation of the drug, but recurred after resumption of the drug; none of the drugs administered alone had any effect on liver function test results. In addition, deep skin discolouration may occur with heavy use, mainly in elderly subjects, and is limited to the buttocks and thighs, with mild signs of inflammation. Skin contact with faeces or urine containing the drug appears to be a prerequisite for discolouration. Inflammation, if present, may be due to reduction of the parent compound in the colon to diol derivatives, which can irritate the intestine and skin in a way that the parent compound does not. There is also the possibility of colorectal melanosis.
安全性プロファイル
Confirmed carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic data.
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route.
An eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic and
neoplastigenic data. Human mutation data
reported. A laxative. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
職業ばく露
A potential liver carcinogen and
possible narcotic, this compound is no longer sold or
marketed in the United States Nervous system toxin-acute
effects; Respiratory toxin-acute effects other than severe or
moderate irritation; Liver-acute effects; Eye irritant-mild.
発がん性
Danthron is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
環境運命予測
Danthron can cause DNA damage particularly at guanines in the
5'-GG-3', 5'-GGGG-3', 5'-GGGGG-3' sequences in the presence
of Cu(II), cytochrome P450 reductase and the nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-generating system.
H2O2 and Cu(I) may also be involved because this DNA
damage can be inhibited by catalase and bathocuproine. The
further mechanism is danthron is reduced by P450 reductase
and generate reactive oxygen species through the redox cycle,
leading to extensive Cu(II)-mediated DNA damage. The DNA
damage also comes from similar topoisomerase II inhibitor
behavior of danthron.
輸送方法
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required.
純化方法
Crystallise Danthrone from EtOH and sublime it in a vacuum. [Beilstein 8 IV 3217.]
不和合性
Keep away from strong reducing agents,
such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides.
廃棄物の処理
It is inappropriate and
possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of
expired or waste drugs and pharmaceuticals by flushing
them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash.
Household quantities of expired or waste pharmaceuticals
may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double-
bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall
carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and
FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to
the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to prop-
erly label and securely package the material. Alternatively,
the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely
packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste
contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or
toxic waste landfill or incinerator.
クリサジン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品