ブロモクロロメタン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色〜黄褐色, 澄明の液体
溶解性
水に微溶 (14g/L), メタノール, エーテルに可溶。
用途
有機合成用溶剤及び中間体、消火器用
用途
有機合成原料、溶剤。
化学的特性
white to light yellow crystal powder
物理的性質
Clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor
使用
Bromochloromethane is used primarily as an extinguishing agent due to its oxygen-depleting properties.
定義
ChEBI: A one-carbon compound substituted by a chloro and a bromo group.
一般的な説明
A clear colorless liquid with a sweet chloroform-like odor. Denser than water (density 1.991 g / cm3) and insoluble in water. Hence sinks in water. Boiling point 68°C. Vapors may cause illness if inhaled. Nonflammable. When exposed to high temperatures may emit toxic fumes. Used as a fire extinguishing agent.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Bromochloromethane is sensitive to light (may discolor). Incompatible with strong bases and strong oxidizing agents. Also incompatible with active metals, calcium, aluminum, magnesium, zinc and their alloys. Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. .
危険性
By inhalation.
健康ハザード
Toxic by ingestion. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Exposure in an enclosed area may be very harmful. Contact may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
火災危険
Some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. Most vapors are heavier than air. Air/vapor mixtures may explode when ignited. Container may explode in heat of fire.
安全性プロファイル
Mildly toxic by
ingestion and inhalation. Mutation data
reported. This material has a narcotic action
of moderate intensity, although of
prolonged duration. Animals exposed for
several weeks to 1000 pprn had blood
bromide levels as high as 350 mgl100 g.
Therefore, until further data are available, it
should be considered at least as toxic as carbon tetrachloride and more than minimal
exposure to its vapors should be avoided.
Dangerous; when heated to decomposition
it emits highly toxic fumes of Brand Cl-.
See also BROMIDES and
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS,
ALIPHATIC.
職業ばく露
This compound is used in brominated
flame retardants; a fire-extinguishing agent; and in organic
synthesis
発がん性
The U.S. EPA classification is D
(not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity). Bromochloromethane
is structurally similar to dichloromethane (methylene
chloride), which is classified B2 (probable human
carcinogen). The classification is based on the lack of data
regarding the carcinogenicity of bromochloromethane in
humans or animals; however, there are data indicative of
genotoxic effects and structural relationships to halogenated
methanes classified as B2 (probable human carcinogens).
環境運命予測
Biological. When bromochloromethane (5 and 10 mg/L) was statically incubated in the dark at
25 °C with yeast extract and settled domestic wastewater inoculum for 7 d, 100% biodegradation
with rapid adaptation was observed (Tabak et al., 1981).
Photolytic. The following rate constants were reported for the reaction of bromochloromethane
and OH radicals as measured by both flash photolysis resonance fluorescence and discharge flow
electron paramagnetic resonance techniques (x 10
-13 cm
3/molecule?sec): 0.91 at 4 °C, 1.11–1.13 at
25 °C, 1.32–1.34 at 40 °C, 1.55–1.58 at 57 °C, 1.76–1.90 at 76 °C, 2.10–2.26 at 97 °C (Orkin et
al., 1997).
Chemical/Physical. Although no products were identified, the estimated hydrolysis half-life in
water at 25 °C and pH 7 is 44 yr (Mabey and Mill, 1978). Bromochloromethane reacts with
bisulfide ion (HS-), produced by microbial reduction of sulfate, forming 1,3,5-trithiane and
dithiomethane. Estimated reaction rate constants at 25 and 35 °C were 7.29 x 10
-5 and 2.42 x 10-
4/M?sec, respectively (Roberts et al., 1992).
輸送方法
UN1887 Bromochloromethane, Hazard Class:
6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
不和合性
Incompatible with strong oxidizers (possible explosion), reducing agents, bases, carbonates, furyl alcohol, chemically active metals, such as calcium; base metals
in the presence of moisture, powdered aluminum; zinc, magnesium. Liquid attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings.
廃棄物の処理
Incinerate together with flammable solvent in furnace equipped with afterburner and
alkali scrubber.
ブロモクロロメタン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品