Hydrocarbons and derivatives

Hydrocarbon compounds are also known as hydrocarbons. They are compounds only containing two elements, hydrogen and carbon. When their molecular hydrogen atoms are replaced by various kinds of other element atoms or atom groups, we can obtain various kinds of hydrocarbon derivatives. German chemist Schorlemmer had discovered butane and other hydrocarbons, and is thus known as the founder of the hydrocarbon chemistry. There are many types of hydrocarbons with number of hydrocarbons with known structure being over 2,000 kinds. Based on the connecting way of carbon bonds, they are divided into chain hydrocarbon and cyclic hydrocarbon, two types with the former one having its carbon atoms connected in a chain shape. According to the saturation degree of hydrogen atom on valence bonds, they are divided into saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons are namely alkanes, such as methane, ethane and so on; unsaturated hydrocarbons include olefin and alkynes with representation being ethylene and acetylene. Cyclic hydrocarbon has its intramolecular carbon bonds connected into a closed ring. It includes two kinds, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. There are many similarities between alicyclic hydrocarbons and chain hydrocarbon. General cyclic hydrocarbons are similar to hydrocarbons while cyclic olefin and cyclic alkyne are respectively similar as alkenes and alkynes. Aromatic hydrocarbons mainly refer to hydrocarbons containing benzene ring structure.

Chain hydrocarbon is also known as aliphatic hydrocarbon due to that during the initial study; it was found that oil lipid contained many of these open chain compounds. The naming of alicyclic hydrocarbons is due to its similar nature as aliphatic hydrocarbons. The nature of aromatic hydrocarbon is different from other hydrocarbons while first discovered several compounds are all scented, leading to the name which is still in use today.

Oil, gas and coal are the main source of hydrocarbons. Petroleum refining can give a variety of alkane mixture such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, etc; oil cracking, reforming give various kinds of olefins, alicyclic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar contains various kinds of aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., benzene, naphthalene, etc.). Many kinds of higher hydrocarbons are presented in plants such as the pigments contained in tomatoes and carrots. The wax of many kinds of plants and animals also contains higher content of alkanes. For example, beeswax contains C27H56 and C31H64; wax of spinach leaves contains C33H68, C35H72, and C37H76; wax of cabbage leaves contains C29H60 and so on. The main component of natural rubber, polyisoprene also belongs to hydrocarbon. An important application of hydrocarbons is being used as fuel and chemical raw materials. Through secondary processing of petroleum, it can give ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene and naphthalene, and other basic organic industrial raw materials. From these materials, we can further prepare styrene, ethanol, acetone and other chemicals. Re-use of these raw materials can be used for manufacturing of a variety of plastics, synthetic rubber, synthetic fibers and fine chemical products. Hydrocarbons may also be used as food for certain bacteria to utilize with those proteins (oil protein) excreted by these bacteria proteins being applied as feed. The national scale and level of processing and application of hydrocarbons may reflect the extent of economic and technological development of a country.

Hydrocarbon derivative refers to the general term of many kinds of complicated compound derived from hydrocarbon molecules with one or more hydrogen atoms being substituted by other atoms or atoms groups. Compounds derived from halogen substitution are called halogenated hydrocarbon; derived from hydroxy substitution are called alcohols or phenols; derived from carboxy substitution are called carboxylic acids. Ester, acyl halide, acid anhydride, amides, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitriles, etc. can be considered to be the compounds derived from hydrocarbons with intramolecular hydrogen atoms being substituted by corresponding atoms. During early 19th century, German chemist Schorlemmer, based on years of experimental and theoretical studies, had first defined organic chemistry as chemistry concerning hydrocarbons and their derivatives. This definition is formulated based on the principles of atom combination theory, being more reasonable and advanced than all the previous definitions, thus further being adopted by many chemists. However, the problem is that it doesn’t distinguish the difference between organic and inorganic substances. The definition of Schorlemmer had greatly promoted the development of the theory regarding to the organic chemistry structure. He was the first man who defined organic compound as above scientific classifications, establishing a scientific system. He was the first man who divided organics into aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and further classified aliphatic compounds into hydrocarbons (saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons), halocarbons, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, acids, esters and so on.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
TRANS,TRANS-1-CHLORO-3,7,11-TRIMETHYL-2,6,10-DODECATRIENE TRANS,TRANS-1-CHLORO-3,7,11-TRIMETHYL-2,6,10-DODECATRIENE 67023-84-1 C15H25Cl
3-Cyclohexyl-2-bromopropene 3-Cyclohexyl-2-bromopropene 53608-85-8 C9H15Br
3-Oxetaneethanol 3-Oxetaneethanol 251922-46-0 C5H10O2
2-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethyltoluene 2-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethyltoluene 1214331-63-1 C8H6F4
1,1,2,2-TETRABROMOETHANE 1,1,2,2-TETRABROMOETHANE 25167-20-8 C2H2Br4
1,2-DIBROMO-1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE 1,2-DIBROMO-1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE 13749-38-7 C2HBr2Cl3
DIETHYL DICYCLOPENTADIENE DIETHYL DICYCLOPENTADIENE C14H20
11-CHLORO-1-UNDECENE 11-CHLORO-1-UNDECENE 872-17-3 C11H21Cl
3,4-DIBROMOHEXANE 3,4-DIBROMOHEXANE 16230-28-7 C6H12Br2
TRANS-3-BROMO-BETA-NITROSTYRENE  97 TRANS-3-BROMO-BETA-NITROSTYRENE 97 115665-95-7 C8H6BrNO2
CIS,CIS-1,9-CYCLOHEXADECADIENE CIS,CIS-1,9-CYCLOHEXADECADIENE 7431-74-5 C16H28
1-BROMO-3,5-DIFLUOROBENZENE 1-BROMO-3,5-DIFLUOROBENZENE 461-91-6 C4As2F12O
2-PHENYLBENZYL BROMIDE 2-PHENYLBENZYL BROMIDE 19853-09-9 C13H11Br
1-CHLORO-5-IODOPENTANE 1-CHLORO-5-IODOPENTANE 60274-60-4 C5H10ClI
Dichlorodifluoromethane Dichlorodifluoromethane 75-71-8 CCl2F2
5-NITRO-1-PENTENE 5-NITRO-1-PENTENE 23542-51-0 C5H9NO2
3-fluorooxetane 3-fluorooxetane 26272-86-6 C3H5FO
1,2-DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE 1,2-DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE 76-14-2 C2Cl2F4
1-ISOPROPOXYCYCLOHEXENE 1-ISOPROPOXYCYCLOHEXENE 57899-54-4 C9H16O
PERFLUORODIMETHYLCYCLOBUTANE PERFLUORODIMETHYLCYCLOBUTANE 2994-71-0 C6F12
3-CHLORO-3-METHYLPENTANE 3-CHLORO-3-METHYLPENTANE 918-84-3 C6H13Cl
Ethylene Ethylene 74-85-1 C2H4
3-HEXENE-1 6-DIOLE 3-HEXENE-1 6-DIOLE 67077-43-4 C6H12O2
1-BROMO-2-PENTENE  95%  PREDOMINANTLY 1-BROMO-2-PENTENE 95% PREDOMINANTLY 7348-71-2 C5H9Br
BROMOMETHYLENECYCLOHEXANE  96 BROMOMETHYLENECYCLOHEXANE 96 1121-49-9 C7H11Br
PERFLUOROPENTADECANE PERFLUOROPENTADECANE 2264-03-1 C15F32
1-CHLORO-6-IODOHEXANE 1-CHLORO-6-IODOHEXANE 34683-73-3 C6H12ClI
Cyclopentasilane Cyclopentasilane 289-22-5 H10Si5
ETHYLCYCLOPROPANE ETHYLCYCLOPROPANE 1191-96-4 C5H10
1-Iodoadamantane 1-Iodoadamantane 768-93-4 C10H15I
PETROLEUM ETHER PETROLEUM ETHER 64742-82-1 C6H14
2-Bromo-1,3-diisopropylbenzene 2-Bromo-1,3-diisopropylbenzene 57190-17-7 C12H17Br
1-Fluoro-2-(2-nitrovinyl)benzene 1-Fluoro-2-(2-nitrovinyl)benzene 399-25-7 C8H6FNO2
(4-FLUOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSILANE (4-FLUOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSILANE 130995-12-9 C11H13FSi
DERAMCICLANE DERAMCICLANE 120444-71-5 C20H31NO
2-ETHYLHEXYL IODIDE 2-ETHYLHEXYL IODIDE 1653-16-3 C8H17I
1-PHENYL-1,3-BUTADIENE 1-PHENYL-1,3-BUTADIENE 16939-57-4 C10H10
5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindan 5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindan 132980-16-6
VINYLCYCLOPROPANE VINYLCYCLOPROPANE 693-86-7 C5H8
3-Methyl-5-nitrobenzonitrile 3-Methyl-5-nitrobenzonitrile 124289-22-1 C8H6N2O2
2-aminomethyloxetane 2-aminomethyloxetane 882402-12-2 C4H9NO
TRANS-2-BROMO-BETA-NITROSTYRENE  95 TRANS-2-BROMO-BETA-NITROSTYRENE 95 155988-33-3 C8H6BrNO2
2 7-DIIODO-9 9-DIOCTYL-9H-FLUORENE  97 2 7-DIIODO-9 9-DIOCTYL-9H-FLUORENE 97 278176-06-0 C29H40I2
1-ALLYL-4-METHYLBENZENE 1-ALLYL-4-METHYLBENZENE 3333-13-9 C10H12
2-BROMO-3-METHYL-2-BUTENE 2-BROMO-3-METHYL-2-BUTENE 3017-70-7 C5H9Br
CYCLODECENE CYCLODECENE 2198-20-1 C10H18
PROPYLENE PROPYLENE 115-07-1 C3H6
1H,1H,5H-OCTAFLUOROPENTYL IODIDE 1H,1H,5H-OCTAFLUOROPENTYL IODIDE 678-74-0 C5H3F8I
(2,3-EPOXYPROPYL)BENZENE (2,3-EPOXYPROPYL)BENZENE 4436-24-2 C9H10O
1,1-DIACETYLCYCLOPROPANE 1,1-DIACETYLCYCLOPROPANE 695-70-5 C7H10O2
Cedrene epoxide Cedrene epoxide 29597-36-2 C15H24O
Cyclopentylideneacetic acid methyl ester Cyclopentylideneacetic acid methyl ester 40203-73-4 C8H12O2
2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetraphenylcyclotetrasiloxane 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetraphenylcyclotetrasiloxane 77-63-4 C28H32O4Si4
(3,5-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYLETHYNYL)& (3,5-BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PHENYLETHYNYL)& 618092-28-7 C13H12F6Si
1-Fluorooctane 1-Fluorooctane 463-11-6 C8H17F
1,1-DIIODO-2,2-DIMETHYLPROPANE 1,1-DIIODO-2,2-DIMETHYLPROPANE 2443-89-2 C5H10I2
2,3-DIBROMOHEXANE 2,3-DIBROMOHEXANE 6423-02-5 C6H12Br2
isocyanatocyclopropane isocyanatocyclopropane 4747-72-2 C4H5NO
(2-Chlorophenyl)oxirane (2-Chlorophenyl)oxirane 62717-50-4 C8H7ClO
1-BROMO-3-METHYLCYCLOHEXANE 1-BROMO-3-METHYLCYCLOHEXANE 13905-48-1 C7H13Br
1-BROMO-2-PENTYNE 1-BROMO-2-PENTYNE 16400-32-1 C5H7Br
Hexafluoropropene trimer Hexafluoropropene trimer 6792-31-0 C3F6
Chlorotrifluoroethylene Chlorotrifluoroethylene 79-38-9 C2ClF3
1,1,1-TRIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHANE 1,1,1-TRIS(CHLOROMETHYL)ETHANE 1067-09-0 C5H9Cl3
GAMMA-HCH-D6 GAMMA-HCH-D6 60556-82-3 C6H6Cl6
1-CHLORO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)BENZENE 1-CHLORO-4-(1,2-DIBROMOETHYL)BENZENE 23135-16-2 C8H7Br2Cl
Perfluorododecyl iodide Perfluorododecyl iodide 307-60-8 C12F25I
CHLORODICYCLOHEXYLBORANE CHLORODICYCLOHEXYLBORANE 36140-19-9 C12H22BCl
BUTYLCYCLOPENTANE BUTYLCYCLOPENTANE 2040-95-1 C9H18
1-HYDROXY-3-CYCLOHEXENE 1-HYDROXY-3-CYCLOHEXENE 822-66-2 C6H10O
(+)-DISPARLURE (+)-DISPARLURE 54910-51-9 C19H38O
2,7-BIS(BROMOMETHYL)NAPHTHALENE 2,7-BIS(BROMOMETHYL)NAPHTHALENE 38309-89-6 C12H10Br2
(+/-)-2 3-DIBROMOBUTANE  98 (+/-)-2 3-DIBROMOBUTANE 98 598-71-0 C4H8Br2
(2 4-DIFLUOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSIL& (2 4-DIFLUOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSIL& 480438-92-4 C11H12F2Si
2 6-BIS(BROMOMETHYL)NAPHTHALENE  97 2 6-BIS(BROMOMETHYL)NAPHTHALENE 97 4542-77-2 C12H10Br2
1 4-DICYCLOHEXYL-2 5-DIIODOBENZENE  95 1 4-DICYCLOHEXYL-2 5-DIIODOBENZENE 95 236407-24-2 C18H24I2
1 4-DIIODO-2 5-DIOCTYLBENZENE 1 4-DIIODO-2 5-DIOCTYLBENZENE 171569-01-0 C22H36I2
1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene 1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene 94022-95-4 C9H8BrF3
2,3-DIBROMOPENTANE 2,3-DIBROMOPENTANE 5780-13-2 C4H8Br2
1,2-DIBROMOHEXANE 1,2-DIBROMOHEXANE 624-20-4 C6H12Br2
4-Methyl-2-nitro-1-(trifluoroMethyl)benzene 4-Methyl-2-nitro-1-(trifluoroMethyl)benzene 154057-13-3 C8H6F3NO2
1,4-DIIODOTETRAFLUOROBENZENE 1,4-DIIODOTETRAFLUOROBENZENE 392-57-4 C6F4I2
(TRIETHOXYSILYL)CYCLOHEXANE  98 (TRIETHOXYSILYL)CYCLOHEXANE 98 18151-84-3 C12H26O3Si
(4-CHLOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSILANE (4-CHLOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSILANE 78704-49-1 C11H13ClSi
1-(2-METHOXYETHOXY)-1-VINYLCYCLOPROPANE 1-(2-METHOXYETHOXY)-1-VINYLCYCLOPROPANE 278603-80-8 C8H14O2
(3 5-DIFLUOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSIL& (3 5-DIFLUOROPHENYLETHYNYL)TRIMETHYLSIL& 445491-09-8 C11H12F2Si
1,5-DIBROMO-1,1,3,3,5,5-HEXAFLUOROPENTANE 1,5-DIBROMO-1,1,3,3,5,5-HEXAFLUOROPENTANE 371-83-5 C5H4Br2F6
1,3,5-TRIS(BROMOMETHYL)-2,4,6-TRIETHYLBENZENE 1,3,5-TRIS(BROMOMETHYL)-2,4,6-TRIETHYLBENZENE 181058-08-2 C15H21Br3
DICYCLOHEXYLIODOBORANE DICYCLOHEXYLIODOBORANE 55382-85-9 C12H22BI
2-CHLORO-2-PROPEN-1-OL 2-CHLORO-2-PROPEN-1-OL 5976-47-6 C3H5ClO
3-Chlorooxetane 3-Chlorooxetane 4741-80-4 C3H5ClO
9-CHLOROANTHRACENE 9-CHLOROANTHRACENE 716-53-0 C14H9Cl
3-METHYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE 3-METHYL-1-CYCLOHEXENE 1335-86-0 C7H12
4-CHLOROMETHYLSTILBENE  95 4-CHLOROMETHYLSTILBENE 95 150253-59-1 C15H13Cl
Bromoiodomethane Bromoiodomethane 557-68-6 CH2BrI
1-CHLORO-4-(PHENYLETHYNYL)BENZENE  98 1-CHLORO-4-(PHENYLETHYNYL)BENZENE 98 5172-02-1 C14H9Cl
2-DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANONE 2-DIMETHYLCYCLOPENTANONE C7H12O
3,4-Difluoro-6-Nitrophenol 3,4-Difluoro-6-Nitrophenol 55346-97-9 C6H3F2NO3
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane 75-68-3 C2H3ClF2
1,2,2,3,4,4-hexaphenyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatrisilinane 1,2,2,3,4,4-hexaphenyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-triazatrisilinane 4570-25-6 C36H33N3Si3
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