| Identification | More | [Name]
Ethyl acetate | [CAS]
141-78-6 | [Synonyms]
ABSOLUTE ALCOHOL
ACETIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
ACETIC ESTER
ACETIC ETHER
AKOS BBS-00004223
ALCOHOL
ALCOHOL C2
ALCOHOL, DENATURED
ALCOHOL, REAGENT, DENATURED
BASIC ORGANIC RAW
DENATURED ALCOHOL
etanol
ETHANOL
ETHANOL-10
ETHANOL-100
ETHANOL-15
ETHANOL-150
ETHANOL-20
ETHANOL-200
ETHANOL-25 | [EINECS(EC#)]
205-500-4 | [Molecular Formula]
C4H8O2 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00003568 | [Molecular Weight]
88.11 | [MOL File]
141-78-6.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
Ethyl acetate is a colorless liquid. Pleasant,
fruity odor. | [Melting point ]
−84 °C(lit.)
| [Boiling point ]
76.5-77.5 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
0.902 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [vapor density ]
3 (20 °C, vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
73 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
| [FEMA ]
2414 | [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.3720(lit.)
| [Fp ]
26 °F
| [storage temp. ]
2-8°C
| [solubility ]
Miscible with ethanol, acetone, diethyl ether and benzene. | [form ]
Liquid | [pka]
16-18(at 25℃) | [color ]
APHA: ≤10 | [Specific Gravity]
0.902 (20/20℃) | [Odor]
Pleasant fruity odor detectable at 7 to 50 ppm (mean = 18 ppm) | [Relative polarity]
0.228 | [Stability:]
Stable. Incompatible with various plastics, strong oxidizing agents. Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures explosive. May be moisture sensitive. | [explosive limit]
2.2-11.5%, 38°F | [Odor Threshold]
0.87ppm | [Odor Type]
ethereal | [Water Solubility ]
80 g/L (20 ºC) | [λmax]
λ: 256 nm Amax: ≤1.00
λ: 275 nm Amax: ≤0.05
λ: 300 nm Amax: ≤0.03
λ: 325-400 nm Amax: ≤0.005 | [Detection Methods]
GC | [JECFA Number]
27 | [Merck ]
14,3757 | [BRN ]
506104 | [Henry's Law Constant]
0.39 at 5.00 °C, 0.58 at 10.00 °C, 0.85 at 15.00 °C, 1.17 at 20.00 °C, 1.58 at 25.00 °C (column
stripping-UV, Kutsuna et al., 2005) | [Dielectric constant]
23.0（Ambient） | [Exposure limits]
TLV-TWA 400 ppm (～1400 mg/m3)
(ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA); IDLH 10,000
ppm (NIOSH). | [InChIKey]
XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [LogP]
0.68-0.73 at 20-25℃ | [CAS DataBase Reference]
141-78-6(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Ethyl acetate(141-78-6) | [Storage Precautions]
Moisture sensitive | [EPA Substance Registry System]
141-78-6(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
F,Xi,Xn,T | [Risk Statements ]
R11:Highly Flammable.
R36:Irritating to the eyes.
R66:Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking.
R67:Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness.
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R10:Flammable.
R39/23/24/25:Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R68/20/21/22:Harmful: possible risk of irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed . | [Safety Statements ]
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S33:Take precautionary measures against static discharges .
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S7:Keep container tightly closed .
S25:Avoid contact with eyes . | [RIDADR ]
UN 1173 3/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
1
| [RTECS ]
AH5425000
| [F ]
1 | [Autoignition Temperature]
427 °C | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
3 | [PackingGroup ]
II | [HS Code ]
29153100 | [Safety Profile]
Potentially poisonous by ingestion. Toxicity depends upon alcohols in question, generally ethanol with methanol as a denaturant. A flammable liquid and dangerous fire hazard; can react vigorously with oxidzing materials. Moderate explosion hazard. See ETHANOL, METHYL ALCOHOL, and n-PROPYL ALCOHOL. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
141-78-6(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 orally in rats: 11.3 ml/kg (Smyth) | [IDLA]
2,000 ppm [10% LEL] |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
A clear colorless liquid with a fruity odor. Flash point 24°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. | [Reactivity Profile]
ETHYL ACETATE(141-78-6) is also sensitive to heat. On prolonged storage, materials containing similar functional groups have formed explosive peroxides. This chemical may ignite or explode with lithium aluminum hydride. ETHYL ACETATE(141-78-6) may also ignite with potassium tert-butoxide. ETHYL ACETATE(141-78-6) is incompatible with nitrates, strong alkalis and strong acids. ETHYL ACETATE(141-78-6) will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings. ETHYL ACETATE(141-78-6) is incompatible with oxidizers such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric acid and chromium trioxide. Violent reactions occur with chlorosulfonic acid. . SOCl2 reacts with esters, such as ETHYL ACETATE(141-78-6), forming toxic SO2 gas and water soluble/toxic acyl chlorides, catalyzed by Fe or Zn (Spagnuolo, C.J. et al. 1992. Chemical and Engineering News 70(22):2.). | [Air & Water Reactions]
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water. This chemical is slowly hydrolyzed by moisture. | [Hazard]
Toxic by inhalation and skin absorption;
irritant to eyes and skin. Flammable, dangerous fire
and explosion risk, flammable limits in air 2.2–9%.
Questionable carcinogen. | [Health Hazard]
Headache, irritation of respiratory passages and eyes, dizziness and nausea, weakness, loss of consciousness. | [Potential Exposure]
This material is used as a solvent for
nitrocellulose and lacquer. It is also used in making dyes,flavoring and perfumery, and in smokeless powder
manufacture | [Fire Hazard]
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce
vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. | [Shipping]
UN1173 Ethyl acetate, Hazard Class: 3; Labels:
3-Flammable liquid. | [Incompatibilities]
May form explosive mixture with air.
Heating may cause violent combustion or explosion.
Incompatible with strong acids; strong alkalies; nitrates,
strong oxidizers; chlorosulfonic acid; lithium aluminum
hydride; oleum will hydrolyze on standing forming acetic
acid and ethyl alcohol. This reaction is greatly accelerated
by alkalies. Decomposes under influence of UV light,
bases, and acids. Attacks aluminum and plastics. | [Description]
Ethyl acetate (systematically, ethyl ethanoate, commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA) is the organic compound with the formula CH3COOCH2CH3. This colorless liquid has a characteristic sweet smell (similar to pear drops) and is used in glues, nail polish removers, decaffeinating tea and coffee, and cigarettes (see list of additives in cigarettes). Ethyl acetate is the ester of ethanol and acetic acid; it is manufactured on a large scale for use as a solvent. The combined annual production in 1985 of Japan, North America, and Europe was about 400,000 tons. In 2004, an estimated 1.3M tons were produced worldwide. | [Waste Disposal]
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/
mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage,
transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. | [Physical properties]
Clear, colorless, mobile liquid with a pleasant, sweet fruity odor. Experimentally determined
detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 23 mg/m3 (6.4 ppmv) and 48 mg/m3
(13.3 ppmv), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). Cometto-Mu?iz and Cain (1991) reported
an average nasal pungency threshold concentration of 67,300 ppmv. | [Occurrence]
Although it has been reported present in some natural fruital aromas and in some distillates (rum, rum ether),
it has not been reported yet as a constituent of essential oils; it has been identified also in the petals of Magnolia fuscata. Reported
found in many foods including fresh and cooked apple, apricot, banana (169 ppm), sweet and sour cherry, citrus peel oils and juices,
blueberry, cranberry, black currants, raspberry, blackberry, guava, passion fruit, melon, peaches, papaya, pineapple, cabbage, onion,
leek, potato, tomato (3 to 6 ppm), clove, ginger, vinegar, breads, cheeses (0.2 to 0.8 ppm), butter (2 ppm), yogurt, milk, meats, cognac,
beer (4 to 64 ppm), whiskies, cider, sherry, grape wines, rum, cocoa, coffee, tea, filberts, peanuts, popcorn, oats, honey, soybeans,
coconut, olive oil (0.02 ppm) and olive. | [Definition]
ChEBI: Ethyl acetate is the acetate ester formed between acetic acid and ethanol. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent, an EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor, a metabolite and a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite. It is an acetate ester, an ethyl ester and a volatile organic compound. | [Preparation]
Ethyl acetate is made by esterification of acetic acid with ethanol, from acetaldehyde, or by the direct addition of ethylene to acetic acid. BP started a 220,000 tonne/year plant in 2001 to operate the last of these processes, known as AVADA. Ethylene and acetic acid react in the presence of a heteropolyacid catalyst to give ethyl acetate at a claimed high selectivity and 99.97% purity. This is the world’s largest ethyl acetate plant and is motivated by its increasing use as a more “acceptable” solvent than hydrocarbons.
In some countries, where ethanol is expensive or there is surplus acetaldehyde capacity, ethyl acetate is made by a Tishchenko reaction. Sasol in South Africa was said to be investigating such a process in the early 2000s. Ethanol is a solvent for surface coatings, cleaning preparations, and cosmetics. Industrial ethanol is aerobically fermented to white vinegar (dilute acetic acid) of the type used for pickling. Gourmet vinegars—wine vinegar, cider vinegar, and so on, made by fermentation of alcoholic beverages—are also available. Ten percent of industrial ethanol production was used for vinegar in the United States in 2001. | [Production Methods]
Ethyl acetate can be manufactured by the slow distillation of a
mixture of ethanol and acetic acid in the presence of concentrated
sulfuric acid. It has also been prepared from ethylene using an
aluminum alkoxide catalyst. | [Production Methods]
Ethyl acetate is synthesized in industry mainly via the classic Fischer esterification reaction of ethanol and acetic acid. This mixture converts to the ester in about 65% yield at room temperature:
CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH ? CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
The reaction can be accelerated by acid catalysis and the equilibrium can be shifted to the right by removal of water. It is also prepared in industry using the Tishchenko reaction, by combining two equivalents of acetaldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide catalyst:
2 CH3CHO → CH3COOCH2CH3. | [Reactions]
Ethyl acetate can be hydrolyzed in acidic or basic conditions to regain acetic acid and ethanol. The use of an acid catalyst accelerates the hydrolysis, which is subject to the Fischer equilibrium mentioned above. In the laboratory, and usually for illustrative purposes only, ethyl esters are typically hydrolyzed in a two step process starting with a stoichiometric amount of strong base, such as sodium hydroxide. This reaction gives ethanol and sodium acetate, which is unreactive toward ethanol:
CH3CO2C2H5 + Na OH → C2H5OH + CH3CO2Na
The rate constant is 0.111 dm3 / mol.sec at 25 °C. | [Aroma threshold values]
Detection: 5 ppb to 5 ppm | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Ethyl acetate is a flammable liquid (NFPA rating = 3), and its vapor can travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and "flash back." Ethyl acetate vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 2 to 11.5% (by volume). Hazardous gases produced in ethyl acetate fires include carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for ethyl acetate fires. | [Chemical Reactivity]
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent. | [Pharmaceutical Applications]
In pharmaceutical preparations, ethyl acetate is primarily used as a
solvent, although it has also been used as a flavoring agent. As a
solvent, it is included in topical solutions and gels, and in edible
printing inks used for tablets.
Ethyl acetate has also been shown to increase the solubility of
chlortalidone and to modify the polymorphic crystal forms
obtained for piroxicam pivalate, mefenamic acid, and fluconazole,and has been used in the formulation of microspheres. Ethyl acetate has been used as a solvent in the preparation of a
liposomal amphotericin B dry powder inhaler formulation.(9) Its use
as a chemical enhancer for the transdermal iontophoresis of insulin
has been investigated.
In food applications, ethyl acetate is mainly used as a flavoring
agent. It is also used in artificial fruit essence and as an extraction
solvent in food processing. | [Safety]
Ethyl acetate is used in foods, and oral and topical pharmaceutical
formulations. It is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic and
nonirritant material when used as an excipient.
However, ethyl acetate may be irritant to mucous membranes,
and high concentrations may cause central nervous system
depression. Potential symptoms of overexposure include irritation
of the eyes, nose, and throat, narcosis, and dermatitis.
Ethyl acetate has not been shown to be a human carcinogen or a
reproductive or developmental toxin.
The WHO has set an estimated acceptable daily intake of ethyl
acetate at up to 25 mg/kg body-weight.
In the UK, it has been recommended that ethyl acetate be
temporarily permitted for use as a solvent in food and that the
maximum concentration consumed in food should be set at
1000 ppm.
LD50 (cat, SC): 3.00 g/kg
LD50 (guinea-pig, oral): 5.50 g/kg
LD50 (guinea-pig, SC): 3.00 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IP): 0.709 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 4.10 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, oral): 4.935 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 5.62 g/kg | [Synthesis]
By reacting acetic acid and ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid; by distillation of sodium potassium, or lead acetate
with ethanol in the presence of sulfuric acid; by polymerizatin of acetaldehyde in the presence of aluminum ethylate or aluminum
acetate as catalysts. | [Carcinogenicity]
Ethyl acetate was not mutagenic in bacterial
assays; it was not genotoxic in a number
of in vivo assays but did cause chromosomal
damage in hamster cells in vitro.
Ethyl acetate has a fruity odor detectable
at 10ppm.
The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime-
weighted average (TLV-TWA) for ethyl
acetate is 400pm (1440mg/m3). | [Source]
Identified among 139 volatile compounds identified in cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var.
reticulates cv. Sol Real) using an automated rapid headspace solid phase microextraction method
(Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001). | [Environmental Fate]
Biological. Heukelekian and Rand (1955) reported a 5-d BOD value of 1.00 g/g which is 54.9%
of the ThOD value of 1.82 g/g.
Photolytic. Reported rate constants for the reaction of ethyl acetate and OH radicals in the
atmosphere (296 K) and aqueous solution are 1.51 x 10-12 and 6.60 x 10-13 cm3/molecule?sec,
respectively (Wallington et al., 1988b).
Chemical/Physical. Hydrolyzes in water forming ethanol and acetic acid (Kollig, 1993). The
estimated hydrolysis half-life at 25 °C and pH 7 is 2.0 yr (Mabey and Mill, 1978). | [Metabolism]
Ethyl acetate is hydrolysed to ethyl alcohol, which is then partly excreted in the expired air and urine. The rest is metabolized, the acetate fraction becoming incor porated in the body pool (Fassett, 1963). | [storage]
Ethyl acetate should be stored in an airtight container, protected
from light and at a temperature not exceeding 30°C. Ethyl acetate is
slowly decomposed by moisture and becomes acidic; the material
can absorb up to 3.3% w/w water.
Ethyl acetate decomposes on heating to produce ethanol and
acetic acid, and will emit acrid smoke and irritating fumes. It is
flammable and its vapor may travel a considerable distance to an
ignition source and cause a ‘flashback’.
The alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl acetate has been shown to be
inhibited by polyethylene glycol and by mixed micelle systems. | [Purification Methods]
The most common impurities in EtOAc are water, EtOH and acetic acid. These can be removed by washing with aqueous 5% Na2CO3, then with saturated aqueous CaCl2 or NaCl, and drying with K2CO3, CaSO4 or MgSO4. More efficient drying is achieved if the solvent is further dried with P2O5, CaH2 or molecular sieves before distillation. CaO has also been used. Alternatively, ethanol can be converted to ethyl acetate by refluxing with acetic anhydride (ca 1mL per 10mL of ester), the liquid is then fractionally distilled, dried with K2CO3 and redistilled. [Beilstein 2 III 127.] | [Toxicity evaluation]
Ethyl acetate is rapidly hydrolyzed to ethanol and acetic acid.
When ethyl acetate was injected intraperitoneal at 1.6 g kg-1,
hydrolysis to acetic acid and ethanol occurred rapidly. The
biological half-life value of the conversion of ethyl acetate to
ethanol was found to be between 5 and 10 min. At doses higher
than 1.6 g kg-1 in rats the rate of hydrolysis exceeded the
ethanol oxidation leading to the ethanol accumulation in the
vascular system. | [Regulatory Status]
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral tablets and
sustained-action tablets; topical and transdermal preparations).
Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK (tablets,
topical solutions, and gels). Ethyl acetate is also accepted for use in
food applications in a number of countries including the UK.
Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients. |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [organic ester compound]
Ethyl Acetate is an organic ester compound with a molecular formula of C4H8O2 (commonly abbreviated as EtOAc or EA), appears as a colorless liquid. It is highly miscible with all common organic solvents (alcohols, ketones, glycols, esters), which make it a common solvent for cleaning, paint removal and coatings.
Ethyl acetate is found in alcoholic beverages, cereal crops, radishes, fruit juices, beer, wine, spirits etc. It has a fruity characteristic odor that is commonly recognized in glues, nail polish remover, decaffeinating tea and coffee, and cigarettes. Due to its agreeable aroma and low cost, this chemical is commonly used and manufactured in large scale in the world, as over 1 million tons annually.
ethyl acetate structure | [Chemical Properties]
Ethyl acetate (structure shown above) is the most familiar ester to many chemistry students and possibly the ester with the widest range of uses. Esters are structurally derived from carboxylic acids by replacing the acidic hydrogen by an alkyl or aryl group. Ethyl acetate itself is a colourless liquid at room temperature with a pleasant "fruity" smell, b.p. 77°C.
Ethyl acetate has many uses, such as artificial fruit essences and aroma enhancers, artificial flavours for confectionery, ice cream and cakes, as a solvent in many applications (including decaffeinating tea and coffee) for varnishes and paints (nail varnish remover), and for the manufacture of printing inks and perfumes.
| [Purification and water removal methods]
Ethyl acetate generally has a content of 95% to 98% containing a small amount of water, ethanol and acetic acid. It can be further purified as following: add 100mL of acetic anhydride into 1000mL of ethyl acetate; add 10 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid, heat and reflux for 4h to remove impurities such as ethanol and water, and then further subject to distillation. Distillate is oscillated by 20~30g of anhydrous potassium carbonate and further subject to re-distillation. The product has a boiling point of 77 °C and purity being over 99%.
| [Uses]
Industry
Applications
Role/Benefit
Flavor and essence
Food flavor
Used largely to prepare bananas, pears, peaches, pineapple and grape scent food flavors, etc
Alcoholic essence
Used slightly as fragrance volatile
Perfume essence
Used slightly as fragrance volatile
Chemical manufacture
Production of acetamide, acetyl acetate, methyl heptanone, etc
Organic chemical raw materials
Production of organic acid
Extracting agent
Laboratory
Dilution and extraction
Supply excellent dissolving capacity
Chromatographic analysis
Standard material
Column chromatography and extractions
Main component of mobile phase
Reaction solvent
Be prone to hydrolysis and transesterification
Chemical analysis
Thermometer calibration for sugar separation
Standard material
Determination of bismuth, boron, gold, molybdenum, platinum and thallium
Solvent
Entomology
Insect collecting and study
Used as effective asphyxiant to kill the collected insect quickly without destroying it
Textile industry
Cleaning agent
Supply excellent dissolving capacity
Printing
Flexographic and rotogravure printing
Dissolve the resin, control the viscosity and modify the drying rate
Electronics industry
Viscosity reducer
Reduce the viscosity of resins used in photoresist formulations
Paint manufacture
Solvent
Dissolve and dilute the paints
Health & personal care products
The formulation of nail polish, nail polish removers and other manicuring products
Supply excellent dissolving capacity
Pharmaceutical
Medicine manufacturing
Extraction agent; intermediate
Cosmetics
Aroma enhancer
In perfume to enhance aroma
Others
Tanning extracts
Used for desulfurization of tanning, cigarette materials, oil field drilling, metal flotation, descaling, etc
Production of adhesive
Solvent
Extract many compounds (phosphorus, cobalt, tungsten, arsenic) from aqueous solution
Extracting agent
| [Production]
Industrial production of ethyl acetate is mainly classified into three processes.
The first one is a classical Fischer esterification process of ethanol with acetic acid in presence of acid catalyst. This process needs acid catalyst2 such as sulphuric acid, hydrochloride acid, ptoluene sulfonic acid etc. This mixture converts to the ester in about 65% yield at room temperature.
CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH ↔ CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
The reaction can be accelerated by acid catalysis and the equilibrium can be shifted to the right by removal of water.
The second one is Tishchenko Reaction of acetaldehyde using aluminium triethoxide as a catalyst. In Germany and Japan, most ethyl acetate is produced via the Tishchenko process.
2 CH3CHO → CH3COOC2H5
This method has been proposed by two different routes; (i) dehydrogenative process, which uses copper or palladium based catalyst and (ii) the oxidative one, which employs, PdO supported catalysts.
The third one, which has been recently commercialized, is addition of acetic acid to ethylene using clay and heteroploy acid7 as a catalyst.
CH2= CH2 + CH3COOH → CH3COOC2H5
The processes, however, have some disadvantages; both the conventional esterification and addition of acetic acid to ethylene need stock tanks and apparatus for several feed stocks. Moreover, they use acetic acid that causes apparatus corrosion. Although Teshchenko Reaction uses only one feed and it is a non-corrosive material, it is difficult to handle acetaldehyde because is not available outside of petrochemical industrial area.
In such circumstances, an improved process of ethyl acetate production is strongly desired.
| [Extinguishing agent]
dry powder, dry sand, carbon dioxide, foam, and 1211 fire extinguishing agent
| [Professional standards]
TWA 1400 mg/m³; STEL 2000 mg/m³
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