| Identification | More | [Name]
Tin tetrachloride | [CAS]
7646-78-8 | [Synonyms]
STANNIC CHLORIDE
STANNIC CHLORIDE HYDRATE
STANNIC TETRACHLORIDE
TIN(+4)CHLORIDE
TIN(+4)CHLORIDE HYDRATE
TIN CHLORIDE
TIN(IV) CHLORIDE
TIN (IV) CHLORIDE, HYDROUS
TIN(IV) CHLORIDE N-HYDRATE
TIN TETRACHLORIDE
Anhydrous tin tetrachloride
Etain
Etain (tetrachlorure d')
etain(tetrachlorured’)
etain(tetrachlorured’)(french)
Fascat 4400
Libavius Fuming spirit
Libavius' fuming spirit
libaviusfumingspirit
SnCl4 | [EINECS(EC#)]
231-588-9 | [Molecular Formula]
Cl4Sn | [MDL Number]
MFCD00011242 | [Molecular Weight]
260.52 | [MOL File]
7646-78-8.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Description]
Tin (IV) chloride appears as white crystals with a strong pungent chlorine odour. On heating,
tin (IV) chloride decomposition emits acrid fumes. At room temperature, it is colourless
and releases fumes on contact with air, giving a stinging odour. Stannic chloride was
used as a chemical weapon during World War I. It is also used in the glass container
industry for making an external coating that toughens the glass. Stannic chloride is used
in chemical reactions with fuming (90%) nitric acid for the selective nitration of activated
aromatic rings in the presence of unactivated ones. Tin (IV) chloride reacts violently with
water or moist air to produce corrosive hydrogen chloride. Tin (IV) chloride reacts with
turpentine, alcohols, and amines, causing fire and explosion hazard. It attacks many metals,
some forms of plastic, rubber, and coatings. | [Definition]
Often sold in the form of
the double salt with sodium chloride: Na2SnCl6?H2O.
| [Appearance]
Colorless, fuming, caustic liquid, that water converts into a crystalline solid, SnCl4?5H2O.Keep well stoppered. Soluble in cold water, alcohol, carbon disulfide;
decomposed by hot water.
| [Melting point ]
-33 °C (lit.) | [Boiling point ]
114 °C (lit.) | [density ]
2.226 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [vapor density ]
9 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
10 mm Hg ( 10 °C)
| [refractive index ]
1.512 | [Fp ]
34 °F
| [storage temp. ]
Store at RT. | [solubility ]
Miscible with alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, acetone, carbon terachloride, gasoline and carbon disulfide. | [form ]
Solution | [color ]
Colorless | [Specific Gravity]
2.226 | [PH]
0.2 (60g/l, H2O, 20℃)Hydrolysis | [Stability:]
Stability Stable, but may decompose upon exposure to moist air or water. Incompatible with strong bases, alcohols. | [Water Solubility ]
reacts | [Hydrolytic Sensitivity]
8: reacts rapidly with moisture, water, protic solvents | [Sensitive ]
Air Sensitive | [Merck ]
14,8774 | [Dielectric constant]
3.2（22℃） | [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: TWA 50 ppm
OSHA: TWA 25 ppm; STEL 125 ppm
NIOSH: IDLH 2300 ppm | [LogP]
-1.67 at 20℃ | [Uses]
Electroconductive and electroluminescent coatings, mordant in dyeing textiles, perfume stabilization, manufacture of fuchsin, color lakes, ceramic
coatings, bleaching agent for sugar, stabilizer for
certain resins, manufacture of blueprint and other
sensitized papers, other tin salts, bacteria and fungi
control in soaps | [CAS DataBase Reference]
7646-78-8(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Tin tetrachloride(7646-78-8) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
7646-78-8(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
C,T,F | [Risk Statements ]
R34:Causes burns.
R52/53:Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect.
R23/24/25:Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed .
R11:Highly Flammable. | [Safety Statements ]
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet .
S7/8:Keep container tightly closed and dry .
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves .
S24/25:Avoid contact with skin and eyes .
S23:Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapor/spray (appropriate wording to be specified by the manufacturer) .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking . | [RIDADR ]
UN 3264 8/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
2
| [RTECS ]
XP8750000
| [F ]
10-21 | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
8 | [PackingGroup ]
II | [HS Code ]
28273990 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by
inhalation. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes,
and mucous membranes. Combustible by
chemical reaction. Upon contact with
moisture, considerable heat is generated.
Violent reaction with K, Na, turpentine,
ethylene oxide, alkyl nitrates. Dangerous;
hydrochloric acid is liberated on contact
with moisture or heat. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-.
See also HYDROCHLORIC ACID. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
7646-78-8(Hazardous Substances Data) |
| Raw materials And Preparation Products | Back Directory | [Raw materials]
Chlorine-->Tin-->Free and total Chlorine, ion specific meter | [Preparation Products]
4,5,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-2-METHYLFURO[2,3-C]PYRIDINE-->PLUMBAGIN-->2-(3-Chlorophenyl)ethylamine-->(5-BROMO-3-BENZO[B]THIENYL)METHANOL-->2-(8-BROMO-2,3,6,7-TETRAHYDRO-BENZO[1,2-B:4,5-B']DIFURAN-4-YL)-1-METHYL-ETHYLAMINE-->(5-CHLORO-1-BENZOTHIOPHEN-3-YL)METHANOL-->4-NITROPHENYL-ALPHA-D-GALACTOPYRANOSIDE-->3-(Benzofuran-2-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile ,97%-->5-BROMOBENZO[B]THIOPHENE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID-->5-CHLORO-BENZO[B]THIOPHENE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID-->Fenbutatin oxide-->1-Tetralone-->3-(CYANOMETHYL)-2,4,5-TRIMETHYLTHIOPHENE-->1-(5-BROMO-1-BENZOTHIEN-3-YL)ETHANONE-->5-(2-THIENYL)PENTANOIC ACID-->3-Acetyl benz[b]thiophene-->1-(5-CHLOROBENZO[B]THIOPHEN-3-YL)ETHANONE-->3-METHYL-1H-PYRAZOLO[3,4-C]PYRIDAZINE-4,5-DIOL-->6-Acetyl-4,4-dimethylthio-chroman-->2-Acetylbenzofuran-->1-(1-BENZOFURAN-2-YL)-2-BROMOETHAN-1-ONE-->Tetrabromophenol Blue-->1-Benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl-2-bromoethan-1-one-->2,5-DIMETHYL-3-FUROIC ACID-->Azocyclotin suspensoid-->2-ETHYL-3-HYDROXY-6-METHYLPYRIDINE-->Triphenyltin acetate-->Azocyclotin W.P.-->3-Acetylthianaphthene-->Ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether-->2-(N-HEPTANOYL)THIOPHENE-->3-ACETYL-2,5-DIMETHYLFURAN |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
STANNIC CHLORIDE, ANHYDROUS(7646-78-8) is a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. STANNIC CHLORIDE, ANHYDROUS(7646-78-8) is soluble in cold water and decomposed by hot water to form hydrochloric acid with the evolution of heat. STANNIC CHLORIDE, ANHYDROUS(7646-78-8) is corrosive to metals and tissue. | [Reactivity Profile]
Acidic salts, such as STANNIC CHLORIDE, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydrogen ions and have pH's of less than 7.0. They react as acids to neutralize bases. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of inorganic acids, inorganic oxoacids, and carboxylic acid. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible. Many of these compounds catalyze organic reactions (ethylene oxide polymerization). Combination of the chloride with turpentine is strongly exothermic, and may lead to ignition, [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 7, 446]. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Fumes in moist air. Reacts with water to form Hydrochloric Acid in dense white fumes [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. | [Hazard]
Evolves heat on contact with moisture. Corrosive liquid | [Health Hazard]
CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. | [Potential Exposure]
Tin tetrachloride is used in the production of blueprints and electroconductive readings, as a bleaching agent for sugar and resin stabilizer. | [Fire Hazard]
EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Substance may be transported in a molten form. | [First aid]
Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed. As first aid for pulmonary edema, a doctor or authorized paramedic may consider administering a drug or other inhalation therapy. | [Shipping]
UN2440 Stannic chloride, pentahydrate, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material. | [Incompatibilities]
Slowly forms hydrochloric acid in cold water; fast reaction in hot water and steam. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, water, turpentine, potassium, sodium, ethylene oxide; nitrates, alcohols, amines, chlorine, strong acids; strong bases. Attacks metals, rubbers and some plastics in the resence of moisture. | [Waste Disposal]
SnCl4: Pour onto sodium bicarbonate; spray with ammonium hydroxide while adding crushed ice; when reaction subsides, flush down drain. | [Physical properties]
Colorless fuming liquid; corrosive; density 2.234 g/mL; freezes at -33°C; boils at 114.15°C; critical temperature 318.75°C; critical pressure 37.98 atm; critical volume 351 cm3/mol; soluble in cold water, evolving heat; decomposed by hot water; soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, acetone and kerosene
The pentahydrate is a yellowish-white crystalline solid or small, fused lumps; faint odor of HCl; density 2.04 g/cm3; decmposes at 56°C; very soluble in water; soluble in ethanol. | [Purification Methods]
SnCl4 fumes in moist air due to formation of a hydrate. Fractionate it in a ground glass still and store it in the absence of air. Possible impurities are SO2 and HCl [Baudler in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 729 1963]. It forms a solid pentahydrate [10026-06-9] which smells of HCl and is obtained when the anhydrous salt is dissolved in a small volume of H2O. Also reflux it with clean mercury or P2O5 for several hours, then distil it under (reduced) N2 pressure into a receiver containing P2O5. Finally redistil it. Alternatively, distil it from Sn metal under vacuum in an all-glass system and seal off in large ampoules. SnCl4 is available commercially as 1M solutions in CH2Cl2 or hexane. HARMFUL VAPOURS. |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
Tin tetrachloride is a colorless fuming liquid with a pungent odor. Tin tetrachloride is soluble in cold water,alcohol,carbon disulfide, and oil of turpentine, that is decomposed by hot water to form hydrochloric acid with the evolution of heat. Tin tetrachloride is corrosive to metals and tissue.Used as a conductive coating and a sugar bleach,and in drugs, ceramics, soaps,and blue printing.
| [Uses]
Tin(IV) chloride is a mordant for dying fabrics; a stabilizer for perfume in
soap; used in weighting silk; in ceramic coatings; in manufacturing blue print
papers; and to produce fuchsin. Also, tin(IV) chloride is used in preparing
many organotin compounds. | [Preparation]
Tin(IV) chloride is prepared by reacting tin or tin(II) chloride with chlorine:
Sn + 2Cl2 → SnCl4
SnCl2 + Cl2 → SnCl4
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