Bariumnitrat Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE BIS WEISSE KRISTALLE ODER KRISTALLINES PULVER.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung von Stickstoffoxiden. Starkes Oxidationsmittel. Reagiert mit brennbaren und reduzierenden Stoffen. Reagiert mit Metallpulver unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV:(Barium, löslich) 0.5 mg/m?(als TWA); Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK:(lösliche Bariumverbindungen) 0.5 mg/m?(Einatembare Fraktion); Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden, besonders als Pulver.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Exposition kann zu Hypokaliämie führen mit nachfolgenden Herzfunktionsstörungenund Muskelerkrankungen. Exposition kann zum Tod führen.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Dann mit viel Wasser wegspülen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R8:Feuergefahr bei Berührung mit brennbaren Stoffen.
R20/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen und Verschlucken.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
R26:Sehr giftig beim Einatmen.
R25:Giftig beim Verschlucken.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S17:Von brennbaren Stoffen fernhalten.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S23:Gas/Rauch/Dampf/Aerosol nicht einatmen(geeignete Bezeichnung(en) vom Hersteller anzugeben).
Beschreibung
Barium nitrate is a stable, strong oxidiser. It is incompatible with combustible material, reducing agents, acids, acid anhydrides, and moisture-sensitive substance. Barium nitrate is poisonous, is a respiratory irritant, and is hazardous if mixed with flammable materials. Barium oxide plus zinc, aluminium and magnesium alloys are combustibles (paper, oil, wood), acids, and oxidisers and is hazardous. Mixtures with finely divided aluminium–magnesium alloys are easily ignitable and extremely sensitive to friction or impact. Barium nitrate mixed with aluminium powder, a formula for flash powder, is highly explosive. However, barium nitrate is noncorrosive in presence of glass. It is used in military thermite grenades, in the manufacturing process of barium oxide, in the vacuum tube industry, and in pyrotechnics for green flame.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Barium nitrate is a shiny, white crystalline solid. It forms white crystals that are soluble in water at 20℃. It is formed by the reaction of barium carbonate or barium hydroxide with nitric acid. It is hazardous as magnesium plus barium oxide plus zinc, aluminum and magnesium alloys, combustibles (paper, oil, wood), acids, and oxidizers. Mixtures with nely divided aluminum-magnesium alloys are easily ignitable and extremely sensitive to friction or impact. Barium nitrate on contact with combustible materials will ignite. Barium nitrate mixed with aluminum powder, a formula for l ash powder is highly explosive.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Barium nitrate has the molecular formula of Ba(NO3)2 and the molecular weight of 261.3745 g/mol. It is also known as “nitrobarite”. Its CAS number is 10022-31-8. It is soluble in water.
It can be prepared by a number of methods. The reaction between nitric acid and barium metal is one way and reaction with BaO or BaCO3 is another. Barium hydroxide and ammonium nitrate also form the product but ammonia is released as a by-product:
2HNO3 + Ba ---> Ba(NO3)2 +H2
2HNO3 + BaO ---> Ba(NO3)2 +H2O
Ba(OH)2 + 2NH4NO3 ---> Ba(NO3)2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
Barium nitrate can also be prepared by the reaction of barium carbonate or barium carbonate with nitric acid:
BaCO3 + 2HNO3 ---> Ba(NO3)2 + CO2 +H2O
Verwenden
Barium nitrate is used in industry in
the production of green signal lights, to remove gases
from vacuum tubes, and in the production of barium
oxide.
synthetische
Barium Nitrate can be prepared by a number of methods. The reaction
between nitric acid and barium metal is one way
and reaction with BaO or BaCO3 is another. Barium
hydroxide and ammonium nitrate also form the product
but ammonia is released as a by-product:
2HNO3＋ Ba→Ba(NO3)2＋H2
2HNO3＋ BaO→Ba(NO3)2＋H2O
Ba(OH)2＋ 2NH4NO3→Ba(NO3)2＋ 2NH3＋ 2H2O
Barium nitrate can also be prepared by the reaction of
barium carbonate or barium carbonate with nitric acid:
BaCO3＋ 2HNO3→Ba(NO3)2＋ CO2＋H2O
In this method, barium carbonate is suspended in
nitric acid. The solution is filtered and the product
crystallizes out. Alternatively, barium carbonate and
nitric acid are added to a saturated solution of
barium nitrate. The product is then obtained by crystallization.
Barium nitrate may also be prepared by adding
sodium nitrate to a saturated solution of barium
chloride. Barium nitrate precipitates out from the
solution. The precipitate is filtered, washed with
alcohol and dried.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A white crystalline solid. Noncombustible, but accelerates burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in fire or the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced in fires.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Soluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Mixtures of metal nitrates with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates. Mixtures of nitrates with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979 p. 108-109].
Hazard
Strong oxidizing agent. See barium.
Health Hazard
Exposures to barium nitrate by ingestion or inhalation cause poisoning. The symptoms
include, but are not limited to, ringing of the ears, dizziness, irregular and elevated blood
pressure, blurred vision, irritation to the respiratory system, tightness of muscles (especially
in the face and neck), vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, muscular tremors, anxiety, weak-
ness, labored breathing, cardiac irregularity, and convulsions. Poisoned workers also suffer
from kidney damage, cardiac or respiratory failure, tremors, convulsions, coma, and possi-
bly death. Prolonged periods of exposure to barium nitrate is known to cause damage of the
liver (anemia and possibly methemoglobinemia), spleen, kidney, bone marrow, and the CNS.
Sicherheitsprofil
A poison by ingestion,
subcutaneous, parenteral, and intravenous
routes. An irritant to slun and eyes. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of NO,. An oxiduer. Mixtures with
finely divided aluminum-magnesium alloys
are easily ignitable and extremely sensitive to
friction or impact. Such mixtures are used in
chemical photoflash applications.
Incompatible with (Mg + BaO2 + Zn), Al,
and Mg alloys. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO,.
See also BARIUM COMPOUNDS (soluble)
and NITRATES.
mögliche Exposition
Barium nitrate is used in making fireworks
(in green fire pyrotechnics), signal lights, ceramics;
and in the electronics industry; to make BaO2. Once used
in the vacuum tube industry.
Lager
Barium nitrate should be kept stored in a tightly closed container, in a cool, dry, venti-
lated area, protected against physical damage. It should be separated from heat, sources
of ignition, incompatible substances, combustibles, and organic or other readily oxidizable
materials. Barium nitrate should not be stored on wood l oors or with food and beverages
Versand/Shipping
UN1446 Barium nitrate, Hazard Class: 5.1;
Labels: 5.1—Oxidizer, 6.1—Poisonous materials.
läuterung methode
Crystallise it twice from water (4mL/g) and dry it overnight at 110o. It decomposes at higher temperatures to give mostly the oxide and the peroxide with only a little of the nitrite. POISONOUS. [Ehrlich in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 941 1963.]
Inkompatibilitäten
A strong oxidizer. Decomposes in
heat; may detonate if confined in elevating temperatures.
Keep away from strong acids; reducing agents. Contact
with organic and combustible materials (such as wood,
paper, oil and fuels); and aluminum magnesium alloys,
since violent reactions occur. Contact with sulfur powder
and finely divided metals can form shock-sensitive
compounds.
Waste disposal
Dissolve waste in 6-MHCl.
Neutralize with NH4OH. Precipitate with excess sodium
carbonate. Filter, wash and dry precipitate and return to
supplier.
Vorsichtsmaßnahmen
After accidental exposures to barium nitrate by ingestion, swallow, or inhalation, workers
should induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give any-
thing by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention immediately
Bariumnitrat Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
