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질산 바륨 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

Barium nitrate is a stable, strong oxidiser. It is incompatible with combustible material, reducing agents, acids, acid anhydrides, and moisture-sensitive substance. Barium nitrate is poisonous, is a respiratory irritant, and is hazardous if mixed with flammable materials. Barium oxide plus zinc, aluminium and magnesium alloys are combustibles (paper, oil, wood), acids, and oxidisers and is hazardous. Mixtures with finely divided aluminium–magnesium alloys are easily ignitable and extremely sensitive to friction or impact. Barium nitrate mixed with aluminium powder, a formula for flash powder, is highly explosive. However, barium nitrate is noncorrosive in presence of glass. It is used in military thermite grenades, in the manufacturing process of barium oxide, in the vacuum tube industry, and in pyrotechnics for green flame.

화학적 성질

Barium nitrate is a shiny, white crystalline solid. It forms white crystals that are soluble in water at 20℃. It is formed by the reaction of barium carbonate or barium hydroxide with nitric acid. It is hazardous as magnesium plus barium oxide plus zinc, aluminum and magnesium alloys, combustibles (paper, oil, wood), acids, and oxidizers. Mixtures with nely divided aluminum-magnesium alloys are easily ignitable and extremely sensitive to friction or impact. Barium nitrate on contact with combustible materials will ignite. Barium nitrate mixed with aluminum powder, a formula for l ash powder is highly explosive.

물리적 성질

Barium nitrate has the molecular formula of Ba(NO3)2 and the molecular weight of 261.3745 g/mol. It is also known as “nitrobarite”. Its CAS number is 10022-31-8. It is soluble in water.
It can be prepared by a number of methods. The reaction between nitric acid and barium metal is one way and reaction with BaO or BaCO3 is another. Barium hydroxide and ammonium nitrate also form the product but ammonia is released as a by-product:
2HNO3 + Ba ---> Ba(NO3)2 +H2
2HNO3 + BaO ---> Ba(NO3)2 +H2O
Ba(OH)2 + 2NH4NO3 ---> Ba(NO3)2 + 2NH3 + 2H2O
Barium nitrate can also be prepared by the reaction of barium carbonate or barium carbonate with nitric acid:
BaCO3 + 2HNO3 ---> Ba(NO3)2 + CO2 +H2O

용도

Barium nitrate is used in industry in the production of green signal lights, to remove gases from vacuum tubes, and in the production of barium oxide.

제조 방법

Barium Nitrate can be prepared by a number of methods. The reaction between nitric acid and barium metal is one way and reaction with BaO or BaCO3 is another. Barium hydroxide and ammonium nitrate also form the product but ammonia is released as a by-product:
2HNO3＋ Ba→Ba(NO3)2＋H2
2HNO3＋ BaO→Ba(NO3)2＋H2O
Ba(OH)2＋ 2NH4NO3→Ba(NO3)2＋ 2NH3＋ 2H2O
Barium nitrate can also be prepared by the reaction of barium carbonate or barium carbonate with nitric acid:
BaCO3＋ 2HNO3→Ba(NO3)2＋ CO2＋H2O
In this method, barium carbonate is suspended in nitric acid. The solution is filtered and the product crystallizes out. Alternatively, barium carbonate and nitric acid are added to a saturated solution of barium nitrate. The product is then obtained by crystallization. Barium nitrate may also be prepared by adding sodium nitrate to a saturated solution of barium chloride. Barium nitrate precipitates out from the solution. The precipitate is filtered, washed with alcohol and dried.

일반 설명

A white crystalline solid. Noncombustible, but accelerates burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in fire or the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result. May explode under prolonged exposure to heat or fire. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced in fires.

공기와 물의 반응

Soluble in water.

반응 프로필

Mixtures of metal nitrates with alkyl esters may explode, owing to the formation of alkyl nitrates. Mixtures of nitrates with phosphorus, tin(II) chloride, or other reducing agents may react explosively [Bretherick 1979 p. 108-109].

위험도

Strong oxidizing agent. See barium.

건강위험

Exposures to barium nitrate by ingestion or inhalation cause poisoning. The symptoms include, but are not limited to, ringing of the ears, dizziness, irregular and elevated blood pressure, blurred vision, irritation to the respiratory system, tightness of muscles (especially in the face and neck), vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, muscular tremors, anxiety, weak- ness, labored breathing, cardiac irregularity, and convulsions. Poisoned workers also suffer from kidney damage, cardiac or respiratory failure, tremors, convulsions, coma, and possi- bly death. Prolonged periods of exposure to barium nitrate is known to cause damage of the liver (anemia and possibly methemoglobinemia), spleen, kidney, bone marrow, and the CNS.

Safety Profile

A poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, parenteral, and intravenous routes. An irritant to slun and eyes. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NO,. An oxiduer. Mixtures with finely divided aluminum-magnesium alloys are easily ignitable and extremely sensitive to friction or impact. Such mixtures are used in chemical photoflash applications. Incompatible with (Mg + BaO2 + Zn), Al, and Mg alloys. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO,. See also BARIUM COMPOUNDS (soluble) and NITRATES.

잠재적 노출

Barium nitrate is used in making fireworks (in green fire pyrotechnics), signal lights, ceramics; and in the electronics industry; to make BaO2. Once used in the vacuum tube industry.

저장

Barium nitrate should be kept stored in a tightly closed container, in a cool, dry, venti- lated area, protected against physical damage. It should be separated from heat, sources of ignition, incompatible substances, combustibles, and organic or other readily oxidizable materials. Barium nitrate should not be stored on wood l oors or with food and beverages

운송 방법

UN1446 Barium nitrate, Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1—Oxidizer, 6.1—Poisonous materials.

Purification Methods

Crystallise it twice from water (4mL/g) and dry it overnight at 110o. It decomposes at higher temperatures to give mostly the oxide and the peroxide with only a little of the nitrite. POISONOUS. [Ehrlich in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 941 1963.]

비 호환성

A strong oxidizer. Decomposes in heat; may detonate if confined in elevating temperatures. Keep away from strong acids; reducing agents. Contact with organic and combustible materials (such as wood, paper, oil and fuels); and aluminum magnesium alloys, since violent reactions occur. Contact with sulfur powder and finely divided metals can form shock-sensitive compounds.

폐기물 처리

Dissolve waste in 6-MHCl. Neutralize with NH4OH. Precipitate with excess sodium carbonate. Filter, wash and dry precipitate and return to supplier.

주의 사항

After accidental exposures to barium nitrate by ingestion, swallow, or inhalation, workers should induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give any- thing by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention immediately

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