2,3,6a alpha,9a-Tetrahydro-4-methoxy-cyclopenta(c)furo-(2',3':4,5)furo(2,3-h)chromen-1,11-dion Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
R46:Kann vererbbare Schäden verursachen.
R26/27/28:Sehr giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
R20/21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen,Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R65:Gesundheitsschädlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungenschäden verursachen.
R48/23/24/25:Giftig: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitsschäden bei längerer Exposition durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S24:Berührung mit der Haut vermeiden.
S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.
Chemische Eigenschaften
The aflatoxins are a group of molds produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. They are natural contaminants of fruits, vegetables, and grains. They are also described as a series of condensed ring heterocyclic compounds. They form colorless to pale yellow crystals. Practically insoluble in water.
Verwenden
Aflatoxin B1 is the major analogue of a family of bisfuranocoumarin mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus and related species. Aflatoxin B1 exhibits a distinctive UV spectrum and blue fluorescence. Aflatoxins are among the most potent mycotoxins known but are in fact "pre-toxins", requiring metabolic activation to the toxic principle. Aflatoxins are found widely in nature in trace amounts, particularly in grains and nuts. The toxicity of these metabolites was first recognised in the 1950s and their structures elucidated in 1963. Aflatoxins have been extensively reviewed.
Definition
ChEBI: An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Colorless to pale yellow crystals or white powder. Exhibits blue fluorescence.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Sensitive to exposure to air and light. Water insoluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
AFLATOXIN B1 is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and strong bases.
Brandgefahr
Flash point data for AFLATOXIN B1 are not available; however, AFLATOXIN B1 is probably combustible.
Sicherheitsprofil
Confirmed human carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic, neoplas tigenic, and carcinogenic data. Acute poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and possibly other routes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke. See also various aflatoxins.
mögliche Exposition
Aflatoxins are a group of toxic metabolites produced by certain types of fungi. Aflatoxins are not commercially manufactured; they are naturally occurring contaminants that are formed by fungi on food during conditions of high temperatures and high humidity. Most human exposure to aflatoxins occurs through ingestion of contaminated food. The estimated amount of aflatoxins that Americans consume daily is estimated to be 0.15 0.50 μg. Grains, peanuts, tree nuts, and cottonseed meal are among the more common foods on which these fungi grow. Meat, eggs, milk, and other edible products from animals that consume aflatoxincontaminated feed may also contain aflatoxins. Aflatoxins can also be breathed in
Stoffwechselwegen
Aflatoxin B1 can be activated via the monooxygenase
reaction which then reacts with the N7 atom of B-DNA
guanine. Conjugation of aflatoxin B1 8,9-epoxide is an
important detoxification route. Although aflatoxin B1
8,9-epoxide can be hydrolyzed to the diol by epoxide
hydrolase, the diol product is toxic, since it reacts
readily with proteins by Schiff base formation or binds
to DNA. Glutathione conjugation prevents toxicity of
both the epoxide and its hydrolysis product. The
aflatoxin glutathione conjugate is subsequently
excreted from the hepatocyte into bile as a major
biliary metabolite.
Versand/Shipping
UN3172 Toxins, extracted from living sources, solid or liquid, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required. UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
Inkompatibilitäten
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
Waste disposal
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Use of oxidizing agents, such as hydrogen peroxide or 5% sodium hypochlorite bleach. Acids and bases may also be used.
2,3,6a alpha,9a-Tetrahydro-4-methoxy-cyclopenta(c)furo-(2',3':4,5)furo(2,3-h)chromen-1,11-dion Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
