1-Brompropan Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe sind schwerer als Luft und können sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Verbrennen unter Bildung giftiger Gase mit Bromwasserstoff. Reagiert mit starken Basen und starken Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 10 ppm (als TWA) (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt.
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann sehr schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem mit nachfolgender Bewusstseinstrübung.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Tierversuche zeigen, dass die Substanz möglicherweise fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend wirken kann.
LECKAGE
Zündquellen entfernen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und Dämpfe.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R60:Kann die Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit beeinträchtigen.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R48/20:Gesundheitsschädlich: Gefahr ernster Gesundheitsschäden bei längerer Exposition durch Einatmen.
R63:Kann das Kind im Mutterleib möglicherweise schädigen.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Aussehen Eigenschaften
C3H7Br; Propylbromid. Farblose Flüssigkeit mit angenehmem Geruch.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen. Kann Leber und Nieren schädigen. Reizt die Haut. Inhalation kann auch noch lange Zeit nach der Aufnahme Lungenödeme verursachen.
Nicht mit Oxidationsmitteln, Alkaliamiden, Alkalimetallen, Erdalkalimetallen und Metallen in Pulverform in Berührung bringen.
Entzündlich.
Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Spritzschutz.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Maßnahmen zum Umweltschutz: Entweichende Dämpfe mit Wasser niederschlagen.
Mit flüssigkeitsbindendem Material aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen.
Kohlendioxid, Pulver, Schaum.
Brennbar. Dämpfe schwerer als Luft. Mit Luft Bildung explosionsfähiger Gemische möglich. Im Brandfall kann Bromwasserstoff entstehen.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 15 Minuten ausspülen. Sofort Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft. Sofort Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Verschlucken: Flüssiges Paraffin trinken. Erbrechen vermeiden. Sofort Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung sofort entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
Als halogenhaltige, organische Lösemittelabfälle.
Chemische Eigenschaften
1-Bromopropane(1-BP), also known as n-propyl bromide, is a colourless to pale yellow liquid with a strong, characteristic sweet odour. It is soluble in some organic solvents and slightly soluble in water. 1-BP is a highly flammable liquid with flash point of 220℃. Its vapor is also flammable.
1-Bromopropane is a solvent that is used in degreasing, dry cleaning, spray adhesives,aerosol solvents and resins and is primarily used as a chemical intermediate in the production of pesticides, quaternary ammonium compounds, flavours and fragrances, and pharmaceuticals in closed processes (NTP, 2013). In the mid-to-late 1990s, 1-bromopropane was introduced as a non-toxic, fast-drying solvent that does not leave surface residue for cleaning metals, plastics, and optical, electrical and electronic components (NTP, 2011; NIOSH, 2013). It was marketed as a substitute solvent for ozone-depleting and other solvents such as trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) and methylene chloride. 1-Bromopropane is used for vapour degreasing and immersion cleaning, liquid and spray adhesive applications, fabric dry cleaning, and aerosol spray products (Blando et al., 2010; NTP, 2013).
Verwenden
1-bromopropane was used primarily as a solvent for fats, waxes or resins and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds including pharmaceuticals, insecticides, quaternary ammonium compounds, flavors and fragrances in generally well-controlled, closed processes. 1-Bromopropane is now used as a solvent cleaner in vapor and immersion cleaning and degreasing operations for optics, electronics and metals and as a solvent in industries that use spray-applied adhesives. Its use as a solvent substitute for ozone-depleting chlorofluorohydrocarbons (freons) or suspect carcinogens (e.g., trichloroethylene, methylene chloride) has prompted the dry cleaning industry to view it as a replacement for perchloroethylene (“perc”), especially in states that are proposing to ban the use of the latter chemical in dry cleaning.
1-Bromopropane is one of several chemicals included in the Environmental Protection Agency’s Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) that has been approved as a substitute for ozone-depleting solvents currently in use in certain applications. Specifically, 1-bromopropane has been approved as an acceptable substitute for CFC-113 (1,1,2-Trichloro1,2,2-trifluoroethane, Freon 113) and methyl chloroform (1,1,1-trichloroethane) in non-aerosol electronics, metal and precision cleaning.
synthetische
1-Bromopropane can be synthesized by reacting n-propyl alcohol (n-propanol) with excess hydrobromic acid. Water formed as a by-product is quickly removed from the resulting crude product before purification to give the final product. A modification of this reaction procedure involves using bromine with a reducing agent such as sulfur, sulfur dioxide, phosphorus or sodium borohydride. The overall reaction with hydrobromic acid is depicted below.
n-C3H7OH + HBr => n-C3H7Br + H2O
The prefix n (or normal) refers to a “straight chain” hydrocarbon component as opposed to a branched hydrocarbon component, such as the isopropyl group in isopropyl alcohol (i-propyl alcohol or i-propanol) where the hydroxyl (−OH) group is attached to the middle carbon.
Definition
ChEBI: 1-bromopropane is a bromoalkane that is propane carrying a bromo substituent at position 1. It has a role as a neurotoxin and a solvent. It is a bromoalkane and a bromohydrocarbon.
Application
1-Bromopropane is used as a component of various models of binary mixtures, prepared to study their properties such as viscosity and refractive index.
It can be used as an alkylating reagent:
For the functionalization of seleno-substituted imidazo[1,2-α]pyridine derivatives.
For the synthesis of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-propoxy anthraquinone derivatives.
It can also be used as a reactant:
For the synthesis of Berberine-benzimidazole derivatives.
For the synthesis of alkyl aryl ketones via carbonylative Barbier-Negishi coupling with aryl iodides.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
1-bromopropane appears as a colorless liquid. Slightly denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Flash point below 75 °F. When heated to high temperatures may emit toxic fumes. Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic fumes of Hydrogen Bromide (USCG, 1999)
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Halogenated aliphatic compounds, such as 2-BROMOPROPANE, are moderately or very reactive. Reactivity generally decreases with increased degree of substitution of halogen for hydrogen atoms. Low molecular weight haloalkanes are highly flammable and can react with some metals to form dangerous products. Materials in this group are incompatible with strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Also, they are incompatible with many amines, nitrides, azo/diazo compounds, alkali metals, and epoxides. Emits toxic fumes of bromine when burned.
Hazard
1-Bromopropane is classified as a Category 2 flammable liquid. It has an autoignition temperature of 914 degrees F and a flash point of less than 72 degrees F. Although a specific upper explosive (flammability) limit has not been determined, it has a lower explosive limit of 4.6 percent by volume in air. 1-Bromopropane decomposes when burned to emit hydrogen bromide (HBr) gas.
Health Hazard
Occupational exposure to 1-bromopropane occurs primarily through inhalation and skin contact, although exposure through ingestion and the eyes are other possible routes. Short-term exposure to the chemical can result in irritation of the eyes, nose, throat or respiratory tract.
Chronic (long-term) exposure to 1-bromopropane can adversely affect peripheral nerves and the central nervous system. Symptoms that have been reported include joint pain or leg weakness and pain leading to difficulty standing and walking; muscle twitching or numbness, tingling and prickling in the hands or feet, loss of vibration sense; and anxiety, apathy, insomnia, and difficulties with concentration and memory.
Other health effects that may also occur include dermatitis, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty in swallowing, disruption or failure of menstruation, urinary difficulties, anemia or low hematocrit (red blood cell count), liver damage, and lung disease.
Sicherheitsprofil
Moderately toxic by
ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly
toxic by inhalation. Experimental
reproductive effects. Mutation data
reported. Dangerous fire hazard when
heated or exposed to flame or oxidizers. To
fight fire, use water, foam, CO2, dry
chemical. When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of Br-. See also
BROMIDES.
läuterung methode
Likely contaminants include n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl bromide. The simplest purification procedure uses drying with MgSO4 or CaCl2 (with or without a preliminary wash of the bromide with aqueous NaHCO3, then water), followed by fractional distillation away from bright light. Chien and Willard [J Am Chem Soc 79 4872 1957] bubbled a stream of oxygen containing 5% ozone through n-propyl bromide for 1hour, then shook it with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, neutralised it with aqueous Na2CO3, washed it with distilled water and dried it. This was followed by vigorous stirring with 95% H2SO4 until fresh acid did not discolour within 12hours. The propyl bromide was separated, neutralised, washed, dried with MgSO4 and fractionally distilled. The centre cut was stored in the dark. Instead of ozone, Schuler and McCauley [J Am Chem Soc 79 821 1957] added bromine and stored it for 4 weeks, the bromine then being extracted with aqueous NaHSO3 before the sulfuric acid treatment was applied and finally distilled. Further purification is by preparative gas chromatography on a column packed with 30% SE-30 (General Electric ethylsilicone rubber) on 42/60 Chromosorb P at 150o and 40psi, using helium. [Chu J Phys Chem 41 226 1964, Beilstein 1 IV 205.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Strong oxidants; strong bases
1-Brompropan Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
