シクロヘキサン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
溶解性
水に難溶 ( 0.36g/100ml水 16℃)多くの有機溶媒に可溶。エタノール及びジエチルエーテルに極めて溶けやすく、水に溶けにくい。
解説
シクロヘキサン，ベンゼンのような臭気をもつ液体．融点6.5 ℃，沸点81 ℃．d2040.7791．n15D1.4290．燃焼熱4163 kJ mol－1．結合角にひずみのない形としていす形と舟形が考えられるが，非結合原子間相互作用により，二つの形には約29 kJ mol－1 の自由エネルギー差がある．このほかに舟形よりも6.7 kJ mol－1 安定なねじれ舟形が存在するが，室温ではほとんどすべていす形で存在する．金属触媒存在下で空気酸化すると，シクロヘキサノンとシクロヘキサノールを生成する．ナイロンの製造原料，溶剤として使われる．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
汎用試薬、有機合成原料、溶剤。
用途
液体クロマトグラフ分析用溶離液及び溶離液調製用。
用途
用途の最も大きいのはカプロラクタム用で、次いでアジピン酸用、残りが有機溶剤(セルロース、エーテル、ワックス、レジン、ゴム、油脂)、ペイント及びワニスのはく離剤である
用途
食品中及び水中の農薬及びPCB定量における溶媒。
用途
紫外、可視及び蛍光スペクトル分析。
用途
食品及び水中等の農薬及びPCB定量における溶媒。
用途
機器・比色分析用抽出溶媒。
特長
特級に比較して紫外吸収が少なく、吸光分析に最適。
製造
脂環式炭化水素の代表的なもので，ガソリン中に少量含まれている．ベンゼン，シクロヘキサジエン，シクロヘキセンなどを還元すると得られるシクロヘキサン．
主な用途／役割
溶剤型接着剤、エアゾール接着剤に使用される。
使用上の注意
不活性ガス封入
説明
Cyclohexane is obtained by the distillation of petroleum or
by hydrogenation of benzene. It constitutes 0.5–1.0% of
petroleum
化学的特性
Cyclohexane is a colorless liquid with a mild,
sweet odor.
物理的性質
Colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odor. A detection odor threshold concentration of
2,700 mg/m
3 (784 ppm
v) was experimentally determined by Dravnieks (1974). An odor threshold
concentration of 2.7 ppb
v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
使用
Solvent for lacquers and resins. Paint and varnish remover. In the extraction of essential oils. In analytical chemistry for mol wt determinations (cryoscopic constant 20.3). In the manufacture of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexyl chloride, nitrocyclohexane, cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. In the manufacture of solid fuel for camp stoves. In fungicidal formulations (possesses slight fungicidal action). In the industrial recrystallization of steroids.
定義
A colorless liquid alkane that is commonly
used as a solvent and in the production of
hexanedioic acid (adipic acid) for the manufacture
of nylon. Cyclohexane, itself, is
manufactured by the reformation of longer
chain hydrocarbons present in crude-oil
fractions. It is also interesting from a structural
point of view, existing as a ‘puckered’
six-membered ring, having all bonds between
carbon atoms at 109.9° (the tetrahedral
angle). The molecule undergoes rapid
interconversion between two ‘chair-like’
CONFORMATIONS, which are energetically
equivalent, passing through a ‘boat-like’
structure of higher energy. It is commonly
represented by a hexagon.
調製方法
Cyclohexane is fractionated from crude oil and may be
released wherever petroleum products are refined, stored,
and used. Another large source of general release is in
exhaust gases from motor vehicles. It is prepared synthetically
from benzene, by hydrocracking of cyclopentane,
or from toluene by simultaneous dealkylation and double
bond hydrogenation.
一般的な説明
A clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Used to make nylon, as a solvent, paint remover, and to make other chemicals. Flash point -4°F. Density 6.5 lb / gal (less than water) and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Liquid nitrogen dioxide was fed into a nitration column containing hot Cyclohexane, due to an error. An explosion resulted [MCA Case History 128(1962)] Incompatible with strong oxidizers.
健康ハザード
Cyclohexane is an acute toxicant of loworder. It is an irritant to the eyes and respiratorysystem. Exposure to a 1–2% concentrationin air caused lethargy, drowsiness,and narcosis in test animals. The lethal concentrationfor a 1-hour exposure in mice isestimated at around 30,000 ppm. Ingestionof cyclohexane exhibited low toxic effects intest species. The LD50 values in the literature show a wide variation. It may be detectedfrom its odor at 300 ppm concentration.
化学反応性
Reactivity with Water: No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by intravenous
route, Moderately toxic by ingestion. A
systemic irritant by inhalation and ingestion.
A skin irritant. Mutation data reported.
Flammable liquid. Dangerous fire hazard
when exposed to heat or flame; can react
with oxidming materials. Moderate
explosion hazard in the form of vapor when
exposed to flame. When mixed hot with
liquid dinitrogen tetraoxide an explosion can
result. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry
chemical, spray, fog. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
fumes.
職業ばく露
Cyclohexane is used as a chemical
intermediate; as a solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, cer-
tain synthetic rubbers; and as an extractant of essential oils
in the perfume industry.
発がん性
No tumor-promoting activity was
observed in mice receiving one 60 mL application of 0.3%
DMBA in benzene followed by a 60 mL application of
cyclohexane twice weekly for 50 weeks.
環境運命予測
Biological. Microbial degradation products reported include cyclohexanol (Dugan, 1972;
Verschueren, 1983), 1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane, 6-hydroxyheptanoate, 6-oxohexanoate, adipic acid,
acetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA (quoted, Verschueren, 1983), and cyclohexanone (Dugan, 1972; Keck
et al., 1989).
Photolytic. The following rate constants were reported for the reaction of cyclohexane and OH
radicals in the atmosphere: 5.38 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec at 295 K (Greiner, 1970); 6.7 x 10
-12
cm
3/molecule?sec at 300 K (Darnall et al., 1978); 6.69 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec at 298 (DeMore
and Bayes, 1999); 7.0 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec (Atkinson et al., 1979); 7.49 x 10
-12
cm
3/molecule?sec (Atkinson, 1990). A photooxidation reaction rate constant of 1.35 x 10
-16
cm
3/molecule?sec was reported for the reaction of cyclohexane with NO3 in the atmosphere
(Atkinson, 1991).
Chemical/Physical. The gas-phase reaction of cyclohexane with OH radicals in the presence of
nitric oxide yielded cyclohexanone and cyclohexyl nitrate as the major products (Aschmann et al.,
1997).
Cyclohexane will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group.
輸送方法
UN1145 Cyclohexane, Hazard Class: 3; Labels:
3-Flammable liquid.
不和合性
May form explosive mixture with air.
Contact with oxidizers, nitrogen dioxide, and oxygen can
cause fire and explosion hazard. Can explode in heat when
mixed with dinitrogen tetraoxide liquid.
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinera-
tor equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.
シクロヘキサン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
ベフノロール
2-アミノ-5-エチル-3-チオフェンカルボン酸エチル
polyoxyethylene fatty acid glycerol borate
ラミプリル
PAN
3-メチル-2-ニトロベンジルアルコール
3-ブロモピルビン酸
プロガビド
1-メチルインドール-5-ボロン酸
2-メチルプロペン酸2,3-ジヒドロキシプロピル
2-クロロメチル-6-エチル-3H-チエノ[2,3-D]ピリミジン-4-オン
N-メチル-1-オクタンアミン
4-クロロ-8-(トリフルオロメチル)キノリン
2-メトキシ-6-メチル-4(1H)-ピリミジノン
ゲストリノン
ガバペンチン
1-ビニル-2-ピロリドン
カルシフェロール
トラマドール塩酸塩
Ziegler catalyst、Phillips catalyst
ビス(ピナコラト)ジボロン
アトバコン
3-(3,4-ジクロロフェノキシ)ベンズアルデヒド
2,5-ジクロロ-4-ホルミルピリジン
6-エチルチエノ[2,3-D]ピリミジン-4(3H)-オン
dimethyl octadecyloxy methylene betaine
controlled release property of urea coated by sulfonated EPDM ionomer
テトラヘプチルアンモニウムブロミド
コレカルシフェロール
トリス(ジメチルアミノ)ホスフィン
3-メチル-2-ニトロベンゾイルクロリド
(6-ETHYL-4-OXO-4H-THIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDIN-3-YL)-ACETIC ACID
3-(3,5-ジクロロフェノキシ)ベンズアルデヒド
4-CHLORO-6-ETHYLTHIENO[2,3-D]PYRIMIDINE
シハロトリン
rac-(2R*)-2-[(2,6-ジメチルフェニル)(フェニルアセチル)アミノ]プロパン酸メチル
1-アミノ-4-シクロヘキシルアミノ-9,10-ジヒドロ-9,10-ジオキソアントラセン-2-スルホン酸ナトリウム
5-BROMO-2-FLUOROPYRIDINE-3-CARBALDEHYDE
ミルリノン
シムバスタチン