PROPYLENE Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSES, KOMPRIMIERTES FLüSSIGGAS.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Das Gas ist schwerer als Luft und kann sich am Boden ausbreiten. Fernzündung möglich. Es kann sich in tiefer gelegenen Bereichen sammeln und den Luftsauerstoff verdrängen. Fließen, Schütten o.ä. kann zu elektrostatischer Aufladung führen.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert sehr heftig mit Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: Erstickungsgefahr durch Sauerstoffverdrängung. Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); Beabsichtigte änderung; (ACGIH 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Entweichen aus dem Behälter kann das Gas die Luft verdrängen. Erstickungsgefahr in geschlossenen Räumen.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Schnelle Verdampfung kann zu Erfrierungen führen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Exposition kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen (s. Anm.).
LECKAGE
Gefahrenbereich verlassen! Fachmann zu Rate ziehen! Belüftung. Zündquellen entfernen. Wasserstrahl NIEMALS auf die Flüssigkeit richten. Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R12:Hochentzündlich.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S9:Behälter an einem gut gelüfteten Ort aufbewahren.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S33:Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
Beschreibung
Propylene is a colorless, fl ammable gas that follows ethylene as the second simplest alkene
hydrocarbon. It has an odor similar to garlic and has wide use in the chemical industry as an
intermediate in the synthesis of other derivatives such as polypropylene, propylene oxide, isopropyl
alcohol, acetone, and acrylonitrile. The production of propylene is similar to ethylene
and is obtained through steam cracking of hydrocarbon feedstocks. Steam cracking is a process
used to break molecules into smaller molecules by injecting the catalysts with steam.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Propylene is a colorless gas. Slight odor. The
Odor Threshold is 23 ppm.
Verwenden
In polymerized form as polypropylene for plastics and carpet fibers. Chemical intermediate in the manufacture of acetone, isopropylbenzene, isopropanol, isopropyl halides, propylene oxide, acrylonitrile, cumene.
Definition
A
gaseous alkene. Propene is not normally
present in the gaseous crude-oil fraction
but can be obtained from heavier fractions
by catalytic cracking. This is the principal
industrial source. Propene is the organic
starting material for the production of
propan-2-ol, required for the manufacture
of propanone (acetone), and the starting
material for the production of polypropene
(polypropylene).
Allgemeine Beschreibung
PROPYLENE is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum like odor. PROPYLENE is shipped as a liquefied gas under its own vapor pressure. For transportation PROPYLENE may be stenched. Contact with the liquid can cause frostbite. PROPYLENE is easily ignited. The vapors are heavier than air. Any leak can either be liquid or vapor. PROPYLENE can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. PROPYLENE is used to make other chemicals. Can cause explosion.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable.
Reaktivität anzeigen
During an experiment to produce lactic acid by oxidizing PROPYLENE with nitrogen peroxide, a violent explosion occurred. These mixtures (olefins and nitrogen peroxide) form extremely unstable nitrosates or nitrosites (Comp. Rend. 116:756 1893). Contact of very cold liquid PROPYLENE with water may result in vigorous or violent boiling of the product and extremely rapid vaporization due to the large temperature differences involved. If the water is hot, there is the possibility that a liquid "superheat" explosion may occur. Pressures may build to dangerous levels if liquid PROPYLENE contacts water in a closed container.
Hazard
Asphyxiant. Highly flammable, danger-
ous fire risk, explosive limits in air 2–11%.
Upper respiratory tract irritant. Questionable
carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Moderate concentration in air causes dizziness, drowsiness, and unconsciousness. Contact with liquefied PROPYLENE will cause ``freezing burn.''
Brandgefahr
Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode. Vapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.
Sicherheitsprofil
A simple asphpant.
No irritant effects from hgh concentrations
in gaseous form. When compressed to liquid
form, can cause skin burns from freezing
effects of rapid evaporation on tissue.
Questionable carcinogen. Flammable gas
and very dangerous fire hazard when
exposed to heat, flame, or oxidlzers.
Explosive in the form of vapor when
exposed to heat or flame. Under unusual
conditions, i.e., 955 atm pressure and 327'℃, it has been known to explode. Explodes on
contact with trifluoromethyl hypofluorite.
Explosive polymerization is initiated by
lithium nitrate + sulfur dioxide. Reacts with
oxides of nitrogen to form an explosive
product. Dangerous; can react vigorously
with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, stop
flow of gas. Used in production of
fabricated polymers, fibers, and solvents, in
production of plastic products and resins.
For effects of simple asphyxiants, see
ARGON.
mögliche Exposition
Propylene is used in production of
fabricated polymers, fibers, polypropylene resins; solvents,
isopropyl alcohol, propylene dimer, and trimer as gasoline
components and detergent raw materials; propylene oxide;
cumene, synthetic glycerol; isoprene, and oxo-alcohols.
Carcinogenicity
Exposure of rats and mice to
200, 1000, or 5000 ppm propene 7 h/day, 5 days/week for
18–24 months did not reveal any carcinogenic effects in
either species. In another study with exposures of 5,000
and 10,000 ppm, rats exhibited non-neoplastic lesions in the
nasal cavity. These consisted of hyperplasia in female rats
exposed to the high concentrations, and squamous metaplasia
in female rats exposed to both concentrations and in
male rats exposed to the low concentration. Inflammatory
changes occurred also in male rats of both exposure
groups.
Environmental Fate
Propene degrades in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically
produced hydroxyl radicals with a half-life of
14.6 h. It also reacts in air with ozone and nitrate radicals with
half-lives of 1 and 4 days, respectively. In soil, volatilization is
expected to be the primary fate due to propene’s high vapor
pressure. Volatilization also occurs from water, while remaining
propene is readily degraded by microorganisms. This
results in propene being unlikely to bioaccumulate or bioconcentrate
in soil or aquatic organisms.
Versand/Shipping
UN1077 Propylene, Hazard Class: 2.1; Labels:
2.1-Flammable gas. UN1075 Petroleum gases, liquefied or
Liquefied petroleum gas, Hazard Class: 2.1; Labels: 2.1-
Flammable gas. Cylinders must be transported in a secure
upright position, in a well-ventilated truck. Protect cylinder
and labels from physical damage. The owner of the com-
pressed gas cylinder is the only entity allowed by federal
law (49CFR) to transport and refill them. It is a violation
of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylin-
ders without the express written permission of the owner.
läuterung methode
Purify it by freeze-pump-thaw cycles and trap-to-trap distillation. [Beilstein 1 IV 725.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Propylene forms explosive mixture with
air. Violent reaction with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, per-
oxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine,
fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep
away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids,
oxoacids, epoxides, and many other compounds. Able to
form unstable peroxides; can polymerize, especially in
heat, direct sunlight, oxidizers and other chemicals.
Waste disposal
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier. Use a licensed professional waste
disposal service to dispose of this material, perhaps using
controlled incineration. All federal, state, and local environ-
mental regulations must be observed.
PROPYLENE Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
