| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
Carbon Black | [CAS]
1333-86-4 | [Synonyms]
TOC
ck3
p68
MWNT
SWNT
tm30
ucet
wyex
witco
ukarb
texas
NORIT
p1250
mogul
regal
seval
arrow
elf78
essex
fecto
huber
gastex
furnal
furnex
elftex
crolac
coraxa
coraxp
durexo
arogen
arovel
mogull
kosmos
vulcan
thermax
magecol
metanex
miike20
modulex
molacco
printex
regal99
rebonex
spheron
raven30
arotone
cancarb
degussa
croflex
kosmink
NORIT A
aroflow
NORIT(R)
DARCO(R)
CHARCOAL
kosmobil
kosmolak
farbruss
flamruss
carbodis
carbolac
carbomet
atlantic
continex
raven420
raven500
regal300
regal330
spheron6
regal600
regalsrf
pelletex
micronex
kosmovar
tinolite
velvetex
tm30[qr]
Gas black
PRINTEX25
PRINTEX90
mogul[qr]
printex60
philblack
regal[qr]
raven8000
raven[qr]
collocarb
c.i.77266
carbolac1
excelsior
humenegro
DARCO G60
FULLERENE
NORIT GSX
NORIT SX4
NORIT 211
OIL BLACK
CARBON 84
LAMPBLACK
ENSACO 150
ENSACO 200
ENSACO 250
CALGON CPG
NORIT SX 2
NORIT A(R)
NORIT(R) A
NORIT E(R)
NORIT PN.5
furnexn765
coraxp[qr]
statexn550
philblacko
peachblack
mogull[qr]
kosmotherm
torchbrand
thermblack
sterlingmt
sterlingns
mesoporous
Pure Carbon
sterlingso1
thermatomic
monarch1300
shellcarbon
regal99[qr]
raven30[qr]
blackpearls
ci77266[qr]
DARCO* G-60
DARCO(R) KB
NORIT SA II
CARBON YARN
CARBON SOOT
CARBON FELT
CARBON METAL
CARBON BLACK
CARBON SHEET
CHORCARB 130
NORIT(R) GSX
NORIT(R) CA1
conductex900
channelblack
furnaceblack
gasblack[qr]
raven500[qr]
raven420[qr]
regal330[qr]
regal300[qr]
regal600[qr]
regalsrf[qr]
royalspectra
spheron6[qr]
thermalblack
sterlingn765
Starbon? 800
Starbon? 300
Vegetablecarb
super-spectra
tokablack4500
tokablack5500
tokablack8500
9901LAMPBLACK
regal400r[qr]
raven8000[qr]
ketjenblackec
lampblack[qr]
niteron55[qr]
noirdecarbone
printex60[qr]
philblackn550
philblackn765
carbolac1[qr]
NORIT A SUPRA
NORIT(TM) CA3
NORIT(TM) CA1
NORIT(R) SX-2
DARCO(R) G-60
DARCO(TM) G60
GLASSY CARBON
CARBON FIBERS
CARBON, GLASSY
FULLERENE SOOT
CLAROCARBON(R)
NORIT(R) SA II
CHARCOAL, WOOD
NORIT SG EXTRA
NORIT, NEUTRAL
NORIT(TM) RBHG
columbiacarbon
explosionblack
furnexn765[qr]
delussablackfw
philblacko[qr]
monarch700[qr]
statexn550[qr]
specialschwarz
super-carbovar
sterlingns[qr]
Length (in),6"
Width (in), 6"
Carbon,Mesopor
sterlingso1[qr]
witcoblakno.100
eaglegermantown
PIGMENT BLACK 7
NORIT(R) RO 0.8
CARBO ACTIVATUS
ACETYLENE BLACK
CARBON NANOTUBE
CARBON STANDARD
CARBON NANOTUBES
NORIT(R) A SUPRA
NORIT(TM) RO 0.8
CHARCOAL COCONUT
CHARCOAL IODIZED
NORIT(R) ROW 0.8
CLAROCARBON(R) G
furnaceblack[qr]
gas-furnaceblack
impingementblack
channelblack[qr]
carbonblack,lamp
specialblack1v&v
oil-furnaceblack
p33(carbonblack)
permablak663[qr]
sterlingn765[qr]
thermalblack[qr]
CARBONBLACKTONER
Carbon black (C)
Carbon black N234
Carbon black N351
Carbon black N660
pigmentblack7[qr]
philblackn765[qr]
philblackn550[qr]
neospectrabeadsag
neo-spectraii[qr]
neo-spectramarkii
carbonblackbvandv
c.i.pigmentblack7
blackkosmos33[qr]
CHARCOAL COCOANUT
NORIT(TM) ROX 0.8
CARBON, LAMPBLACK
CARBON, ACTIVATED
GLASSY CARBON FOAM
acetyleneblack[qr]
CHARCOAL ACTIVATED
carbonblackpigment
columbiacarbon[qr]
delussablackfw[qr]
therma-atomicblack
witcoblakno100[qr]
Thickness (in), 1"
plant carbon black
Graphitized carbon
Carbon, mesoporous
cipigmentblack7[qr]
carbonblack,thermal
carbonblack,channel
carbonblack,furnace
DECOLORIZING CARBON
MULTIWALL NANOTUBES
TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
DARCO(R) ACID WASHED
SINGLEWALL NANOTUBES
GLASSY CARBON TYPE 1
GLASSY CARBON TYPE 2
CARBON, DECOLORIZING
carbon,amorphous[qr]
COSMETICBLACK(A3278)
Carbon black extract
RF BRAND CARBON BLACK
thermalacetyleneblack
CHARACOAL ACTIVATED A
FULLERENE CARBON SOOT
ACETYLENE CARBON BLACK
impingementcarbons[qr]
furnace-typecarbonblack
explosionacetyleneblack
CARBON BLACK, ACETYLENE
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL NORIT
CARBON STANDARD, ORGANIC
CHARCOAL ACTIVATED NORIT
CHARCOAL, DEXTRAN COATED
shawiniganacetyleneblack
AKTIVKOHLE CARBORAFFIN C
Carbon black (C.I. 77266)
Carbon, activated, powder
Carbonanotubesmultiwalled
Carbon black, mixed gases
Channel black,natural gas
Carbon black,high pigment
CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED, G-60
MULTIWALL CARBON NANOTUBE
SOLUSORB SOLVENT ADSORBENT
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N774
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N762
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N754
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N660
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N650
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N550
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N375
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N351
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N347
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N339
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N330
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N326
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N299
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N234
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK N220
Graphitized carbon black
FURNACE CARBON, BLACK SL-90
HERRINGBONE CARBON NANOTUBE
CARBON STANDARD (INORGANIC)
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL NORIT(R)
ACTIVATED CARBON DARCO G-60
CARBON NANOTUBE HERRINGBONE
CHARCOAL ACTIVATED NORIT(R)
DARCO G-60 ACTIVATED CARBON
SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBE
MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE
COCOANUT CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED
CHARCOAL, ACTIVATED, COCONUT
Carbon black(Vegetable black
Sprayed furnace carbon black
Carbon, activated, 2mm & down
Carbon black, Super P Conduct
SOLUSORB(R) SOLVENT ADSORBENT
SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE
CARBON NANOTUBE DOUBLE-WALLED
CARBON NANOTUBE, MULTI-WALLED
CARBON, DECOLORIZING DARCO(R)
DOUBLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE
CARBON NANOTUBES, MULTI-WALLED
CARBON NANOTUBE, SINGLE-WALLED
175nm Purified carbon black
Double walled carbon nanotubes
Flash-ignited carbon nanotubes
Activated charcoal, iodinated
CARBON, DECOLORIZING NORIT(R) A
CARBON NANOTUBES, SINGLE-WALLED
CARBON PLASMA EMISSION STANDARD
CARBON FIBERS WITH EPOXY SIZING
CARBON, PLASMA STANDARD SOLUTION
Carbon black N219,new technology
Carbon black N754,new technology
CARBON ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARD
CARBON, DECOLORIZING NUCHAR(R) S-N
C. I. Pigment Black 6 or 7 (77266)
Multi-walled Carbon nanotube paper
Short- Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes
CARBON NANOTUBE ALIGNED MULTI-WALLED
CARBON NANOTUBE BUNDLED MULTI-WALLED
carbonblackoil,[flammableliquidlabel]
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes on PET
Helical Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Large inner diaMeter carbon nanotubes
MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE (ALIGNED)
MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE (BUNDLED)
carbonblackoil,[combustibleliquidlabel]
Carbon black , granule , conductive (C)
Purified Single-walled carbon nanotubes
SWNT, carboxylic acid functionalized
Carbon black N110 series,new technology
Furnace carbon black N550,fast extrusion
Furnace carbon black N332,new technology
Furnace carbon black N339,new technology
Carboxylic Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes | [EINECS(EC#)]
231-153-3 | [Molecular Formula]
C | [MDL Number]
MFCD00133992 | [MOL File]
1333-86-4.mol | [Molecular Weight]
12.01 |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Definition]
A finely divided form of carbon, practically all of
which is made by burning vaporized heavy-oil frac-
tions in a furnace with 50% of the air required for
complete combustion (partial oxidation). This type
is also called furnace black. Carbon black can also
be made from methane or natural gas by crack-
ing (thermal black) or direct combustion (channel
black), but these methods are virtually obsolete. All
types are characterized by extremely fine particle
size, which accounts for their reinforcing and pig-
menting effectiveness.
| [Appearance]
Carbon black (essentially elemental carbon),
is a black or brown liquid or solid (powder). Odorless
solid. Carbon black oil is flammable and has a petroleum
odor. | [Melting point ]
3550 °C(lit.)
| [Boiling point ]
500-600 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
~1.7 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
| [vapor pressure ]
<0.1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
| [Fp ]
>230 °F
| [solubility ]
H2O: soluble0.1mg/mL | [form ]
rod
| [color ]
Clear colorless | [Specific Gravity]
bulk 0.10/g/cm3 | [Stability:]
Stable. Combustible. | [Water Solubility ]
Insoluble | [Merck ]
14,1808 | [Dielectric constant]
2.5（Ambient） | [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: TWA 3 mg/m3
OSHA: TWA 3.5 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 1750 mg/m3; TWA 3.5 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3 | [InChIKey]
VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [LogP]
1.090 (est) | [Uses]
Tire treads, belt covers, and other abrasion-
resistant rubber products; plastics as a reinforc-
ing agent, opacifier, electrical conductor, UV-
light absorber; colorant for printing inks;carbon
paper; typewriter ribbons; paint pigment; nucleat-
ing agent in weather modification; expanders in bat-
tery plates; solar-energy absorber (see note).
| [IARC]
2B (Vol. Sup 7, 65, 93) 2010 | [EPA Substance Registry System]
Carbon black(1333-86-4) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
| [Risk Statements ]
36/37-18-11-40 | [Safety Statements ]
26-36-24/25-22-36/37 | [RIDADR ]
UN 1325 4.1/PG 3
| [WGK Germany ]
3
| [RTECS ]
FF5250100
| [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
4.1 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [Safety Profile]
Mildly toxic by
ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact. Questionable carcinogen. Mutation data
reported. See also CARBON. A nuisance
dust in high concentrations. We it is true
that the tiny particulates of carbon black
contain some molecules of carcinogenic
materials, the carcinogens are apparently
held tightly and are not eluted by hot or
cold water, gastric juices, or blood plasma. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
1333-86-4(Hazardous Substances Data) | [IDLA]
1,750 mg/m3 |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Hazard]
Possible carcinogen. Bronchitis.
| [Potential Exposure]
Used as reinforcing agent and filler
for rubber; colorants for ink, paint, and plastics. Workers in
carbon black production or in its use in rubber compounding, ink and paint manufacture, plastics compounding, drycell battery manufacture. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin and PAH contamination is present, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water.
Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has
been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation
mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has
stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this
chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give
large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make
an unconscious person vomit | [Shipping]
Carbon black oil: UN1993 Flammable liquids,
n.o.s., Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid,
Technical Name Required. | [Incompatibilities]
Carbon blacks containing over 8% volatiles may pose an explosion hazard. Dust can form an
explosive mixture in air. A reducing agent; keep away from
strong oxidizers, such as chlorates, bromates, nitrates.
| [Description]
Carbon black is a finely divided form of carbon. It may ignite explosively if suspended in air in the presence of an ignition source or slowly undergo spontaneous combustion upon contact with water. In addition, it is toxic by inhalation, with a TLV of 3.5 mg/m3 in air. Primary uses are in the manufacture of tires, belt covers, plastics, carbon paper, colorant for printing inks, and as a solar-energy absorber. | [Waste Disposal]
Dump into a landfill or incinerate as a slurry.
| [Physical properties]
Carbon black [1333-86-4] is virtually pure elemental carbon (diamond and graphite are other forms of nearly pure carbon) in the form of near-spherical colloidal particles that are produced by incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons. Its physical appearance is that of a black, finely divided pellet or powder, the latter sometimes small enough to be invisible to the naked eye. Its use in tires, rubber and plastic products, printing inks and coatings is related to the properties of specific surface area, particle size and structure, conductivity and color.
It is in the top 50 industrial chemicals manufactured worldwide, based on annual tonnage. Current worldwide production is about 15 billion pounds per year (6.81 million metric tons). Approximately 90% of carbon black is used in rubber applications, 9% as a pigment, and the remaining 1% as an essential ingredient in hundreds of diverse applications.
Modern carbon black products are direct descendants of early “lampblack”, first produced in China over 3500 years ago. These early lampblacks were not very pure and differed greatly in their chemical composition from current carbon blacks. Since the mid-1970s most carbon black has been produced by the oil furnace process, which is most often referred to as furnace black.
Unlike diamond and graphite, which are crystalline carbons, carbon black is an amorphous carbon composed of fused particles called aggregates. Properties, such as surface area, structure, aggregate diameter and mass differentiate the various carbon black grades. | [Application]
Carbon black is a type of fine soot that is obtained from materials that have not been completely burned. It has various applications, including its use in polishing celluloid and bone. | [General Description]
Multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs, CNTs) were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a volatile precursor undergoes thermal decomposition at elevated temperatures to form a solid deposit on a substrate. 1 Carboxylic acid groups can be attached to the defect sides and ends of the nanotube by treatment with oxidizing agents. Carboxylic acid groups can be easily derivatized into different functional groups. | [Health Hazard]
There are no well demonstrated
health hazards to humans from acute exposure
to carbon black.
Commercial carbon black is a spherical
colloidal form of nearly pure carbon particles
and aggregates with trace amounts of organic
impurities adsorbed on the surface. Potential
health effects usually are attributed to these
impurities rather than to the carbon itself.
Soots, by contrast, contain mixtures of particulate
carbon, resins, tars, and so on, in a
nonadsorbed state. | [Biochem/physiol Actions]
The use of dextran-coated charcoal makes the immunoassay of insulin in biological fluids simpler and more rapid. In theory, the charcoal coated with dextran will adsorb the free hormone and leave hormones that are bound to a carrier (or antibody). Dextran coated charcoal is used to strip hormones from serum instead of charcoal alone, because there is less loss of protein using dextran coated charcoal. | [storage]
Color Code—Yellow Stripe (strong reducingagent): Reactivity Hazard; Store separately in an area isolated from flammables, combustibles, or other yellow-codedmaterials. Prior to working with carbon black you should betrained on its proper handling and storage. Carbon blackmust be stored to avoid contact with chlorates, bromates,and nitrates since violent reactions occur. Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibitedwhere carbon black is used, handled, or stored in a mannerthat could create a potential fire or explosion hazard. If carbon black contains more than 0.1% PAHs it should be used,handled, and stored in a regulated area as a carcinogen. Aregulated, marked area should be established where thischemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance withOSHA Standard 1910.1045. | [Properties and Applications]
|
TEST ITEMS
|
SPECIFICATION
|
|
APPEARANCE
|
BLACK POWDER / BEAD
|
|
SHADE
|
BLUISH
|
|
DBP ABSORPTION NUMBER
|
99 cc/100g
|
|
BET SURFACE AREA
|
80 m
2
/g
|
|
pH VALUE
|
10.0
|
|
AVERAGE ORIGINAL PARTICAL SIZE
|
34 nm
|
|
DENSITY
|
g/l
|
|
IMPURITY
|
NO FOUND
|
|
VOLATITE
|
2.0 %
|
|
TINTING STRENGTH vs IRB#3
|
100 % min
|
| [Structure and conformation]
Carbon black is a solid conslstmg of spherical particles showing a significant degree of two-dimensional symmetry. The key physicochemical properties of carbon blacks, which vary between different manufacturing processes, are structure, particle size, surface area, and chemical composition. The crystalline regions in carbon black consist of well-developed graphite platelets stacked roughly parallel to one another, but random in orientation with respect to adjacent layers. These regions are 1.5-2.0 nm wide and 1.2-1.5 nm high, corresponding to 4 to 5 layer planes per crystallite containing about 375 carbon atoms. A particle of a carbon black with a surface area of 100 m2/g contains over 4000 crystallites ordered in a concentric layer plane arrangement. |
| Questions And Answer | Back Directory | [Production method]
Natural gas tank method of making carbon black: take natural gas as raw material and use iron pipe to send it into the combustion chamber. The form of the combustion chamber can be either long and short and is made of iron plate. It contains a number of olefin burner inside it. Natural gas is sprayed with appropriate force from the burner nozzle and burned in the case of insufficient air, that is, to generate a bright and black smoke flame. The flame then goes directly into the channel iron with the distance between the burner and the slot surface being 65~80 mm. At this time, the temperature of olefin burning is reduced from about 1000 to 1400 ° C to about 500 ° C, and the carbon black is accumulated. The groove can move back and forth horizontally, with a moving speed of 3 to 4 mm/s. In order to maintain normal production, the required amount of air is about 2.5 to 3 times the theoretical calculation. The resulting carbon black was scraped into a funnel with a fixed doctor blade and sent to a central packing chamber for disposal. Then the carbon black is softened, filtered to remove the hard particles and scale and further sent into the mill grinding to enable more uniform thickness. However, the body is still very light and loose, thus should be shaken to a become a bit solid. Then add a small amount of water to the carbon black to make it into paste-like shape and have a small needle rotated inside it to forming micro-pellets, followed by drying to obtain the finished product. In the case of using pigment for carbon black, in order to facilitate the dispersion, the granulation is unnecessary. The process is as follows:
Raw gas, air → combustion cracking → collection → granulation → packaging → finished product.
Carbon black is one of the oldest industrial products. In ancient times, china has already applied incomplete combustion of vegetable oil for making pigment carbon black. In 1872, the United States first used natural gas as raw material to produce carbon black using tank method and mainly used it as a coloring agent. It was not until 1912 when Mott found the reinforcement effect carbon black on the rubber before the carbon black industry had gotten rapid development. Then it had successively developed of a variety of process methods. At present, oil furnace method is the most efficient and most economical method with the oil furnace black production amount accounting for 70-90% of the total carbon black production. There are mainly furnace, slot method, thermal cracking, three methods.
It is obtained by the carbonization of the plant material such as peat. It can also be derived from the carbonization of cocoa shell and beef bone or from the combustion of vegetable oil. | [Uses]
1. It is edible black pigment. It can be used for pastry with the usage amount of 0.001% to 0.1%.
2. It can be used for food coloring agent. China provides that it can be used for rice, flour products, candy, biscuits and pastries with the maximum usage amount of 5.0g/kg.
3. Rubber industry uses it as a reinforcing filler. 2. Paint Inks applies it as coloring pigments in paint inks. 3. Used for the manufacturing of black paper such as packaging materials for photographic materials and the black paper made of high-conductivity black carbon in the radio equipment. 4. Carbon paper and typewriter; it is used when it is required for darker colors and can remain on the carrier. 5. Plastic coloring, ink, phonograph records, shoe polish, paint cloth, leather coatings, colored cement, electrodes, electronic brushes, batteries and so on.
4. As electric conductive agent of lithium ion battery;
5. Mainly used for rubber, paint, ink and other industries;
6. Used for the reinforcement of car tread and sidewall, hose, groove, industrial rubber products as well as conveyor belt.
7. Used for tire tread, surface tire repair, automotive rubber parts, conveyor belts, conveyor pads, etc., The vulcanized glue of this carbon black shows excellent tensile strength and abrasion resistance
8. It is mainly used for the reinforcement of tire belt, sidewall, solid tires, outer layer of roller, hose surface, industrial rubber products and car tire tread.
9. It is used for the reinforcement of the tire tread of car and truck, surface of conveyor belt and industrial rubber products.
10. For rubber reinforcement, coloring agent, metallurgy, rocket propellant
11. For rubber products to fill and reinforcement.
12. For rubber products, carcass, valves and other filling .
13. For paints and inks, plastics and other industries.
14. Mainly used for raw materials of battery as well as for conductive and anti-static rubber products.
15. In the rubber industry, it is used as the reinforcing agent and filter for the manufacturing of natural rubber and butyl rubber, being able to endow the vulcanized rubber with excellent tensile strength, elongation and tear resistance and so on. It should be mostly used for natural rubber-based large-scale engineering tires and a variety of off-road tires as well as being used for carcass and sidewall. In addition, it can also be used for high-strength conveyor belt, cold rubber products and drilling device. In light industry, it can be used as the filter of the paint, ink, enamel and plastic products. | [Identification test]
Solubility: being insoluble in water and organic solvents (OT-42)
Heated to red, burning without flames. | [Content analysis]
The sample was pre-dried at 120 ° C for 4 h and then measured by an instrument such as a C.H. O analyzer or subject to combustion/gravimetric analysis. | [Toxicity]
ADI has not yet been specified. It is listed as substance allowed to be in temporary contact with food, (FAO/WHO, 2000). It can not be digested and absorbed, so oral administration should be non-toxic, but given the incorporation of 3, 4-benzopyrene during the carbonization, it is basically not used now. | [Use the limit]
GB 2760-1996: Confectionery, biscuits, pastries, rice and flour products, 5.0 g/kg.
EEC provides for being used for concentrated fruit juice, jam, jelly, fruit wine. | [Chemical properties]
It appears as black powdery particles with a particle size of 0 to 500 μm. The relative density is 1.8 to 2.1. It is insoluble in water and organic solvents. | [Hazards & Safety Information]
Category Toxic substances
Toxicity classification Low toxicity
Acute Toxicity Oral-Rat LD50:> 15400 mg/kg
Explosives and hazardous characteristics being explosive upon dust and air mixture
Flammability and Hazardous characteristics It is combustible in case of heat and strong oxidant
Storage and transportation characteristics Treasury: low temperature, ventilated and dry
Fire extinguishing agent water, carbon dioxide, dry powder, foam
Occupational Standard TWA 3.5 mg/m3; STEL 7 mg/m3 |
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