| Identification | More | [Name]
Benomyl | [CAS]
17804-35-2 | [Synonyms]
1-(Butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamic acid methyl ester
1-(BUTYLCARBONYL)-2-BENZIMIDAZOLE CARBAMIC ACID
BENEX
BENLATE
BENLATE(R)
BENOFUN
BENOMATE
BENOMYL
BENOR
DUPONT 1991(R)
FUNDOZOL
LABOTEST-BB LT00134854
METHYL 1-(BUTYLCARBAMOYL)-2-BENZIMIDAZOLECARBAMATE
Methyl-1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolyl carbamate
METHYL 1-(BUTYLCARBAMOYL) BENZIMIDAZOL-2-YLCARBAMATE
PILARBEN
ROMYL
VITAMYL
(1-((butylamino)carbonyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-carbamicacimethylester
[1-[(Butylamino)carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamicacidmethylester | [EINECS(EC#)]
241-775-7 | [Molecular Formula]
C14H18N4O3 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00084636 | [Molecular Weight]
290.32 | [MOL File]
17804-35-2.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Description]
Benomyl, a tan-coloured crystalline solid/powder, is a systemic fungicide with a characteristic
odour. It belongs to the benzimidazole family. Benomyl decomposes at high
temperature. Benomyl is essentially insoluble in water. It is stable under normal storage
conditions but will decompose to carbendazim in water. On decomposition by heat, benomyl
produces toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides.
Benomyl is a systemic and broad-spectrum fungicide that is currently registered for use
in more than 50 countries on more than 70 crops for the control of diseases in fruit trees, nut
crops, vegetables, cereals, tropical crops and ornamentals, turf, and many field crops. Benomyl
is marketed as a wettable powder and as a dry flowable formulation (dispersible granules). | [Appearance]
Benomyl is a white crystalline solid. Faint acrid
odor. | [Melting point ]
>300 °C(lit.)
| [Boiling point ]
432.41°C (rough estimate) | [density ]
1.1648 (rough estimate) | [vapor pressure ]
<5.0 x 10-6 Pa (25 °C) | [refractive index ]
1.6000 (estimate) | [storage temp. ]
APPROX 4°C
| [solubility ]
DMF: 30 mg/ml; DMF:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:3): 0.25 mg/ml; DMSO: 5 mg/ml; Ethanol: Slightly soluble | [form ]
Solid | [pka]
4.2 (for carbendazim) | [color ]
Colorless | [Water Solubility ]
<0.1 g/100 mL at 20 ºC | [Merck ]
13,1042 | [BRN ]
825455 | [Exposure limits]
OSHA PEL: TWA 15 mg/m3 (total dust), 5 mg/m3 (respirable fraction);
ACGIH TLV: TWA 10 mg/m3. | [Contact allergens]
Benomyl is a fungicide, derived from benzimidazole.
Cases of sensitization were reported in horticulturists and
florists. It is however, at most, a weak sensitizer, with
possible false-positive patch reactions, or with crossreactions
after previous exposure to other fungicides. | [CAS DataBase Reference]
17804-35-2(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Benomyl(17804-35-2) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
17804-35-2(EPA Substance) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Definition]
ChEBI: A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is the methyl ester of [1-(butylcarbamoyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamic acid. A foliar fungicide used to control a wide range of Ascomycetes and Fungi Imperfecti in
a wide range of crops. | [Uses]
Fungicide; ascaricide. | [General Description]
Colorless to white crystals or off-white powder. Faint acrid odor. | [Reactivity Profile]
BENOMYL(17804-35-2) is incompatible with strong acids, peroxides and strong oxidizers. Decomposed by strong alkalis. Also decomposes on storage with water . | [Air & Water Reactions]
Insoluble in water. | [Hazard]
High toxicity by ingestion. Upper respira-
tory tract irritant, male reproductive, testicular, and
embryo/fetal damage. Possible carcinogen.
| [Potential Exposure]
Benomyl is used as an agricultural
chemical and pesticide, pharmaceutical, and veterinary drug. | [Fire Hazard]
Literature sources indicate that this chemical is nonflammable. | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
Benomyl 367
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including
resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical
attention. Give large quantities of water and induce
vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. | [Shipping]
UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances,
solid, n.o.s., Hazard class: 9; Labels: 9—Miscellaneous
hazardous material, Technical Name Required. | [Incompatibilities]
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides (forms toxic oxides of nitrogen).
Decomposed in water or otherwise moist conditions. | [Chemical Properties]
Benomyl is a white crystalline solid. Faint acrid
odor. | [Waste Disposal]
In accordance with
40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of
pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly
by following package label directions or by contacting
your local or federal environmental control agency, or by
contacting your regional EPA office. | [Health Hazard]
Mildly toxic in rodent by ingestion, inhalation, and absorption through skin; large dosescan produce effects of carbamate poisoning;teratogenic and mutagenic effects reported;carcinogenic potential not known; mild skinirritant.
LD50 oral (rat): 10,000 mg/kg
LD50 skin (mouse): 5600 mg/kg
LD50 skin (wild bird): 100 mg/kg
Benomyl metabolizes to carbendazim(MBC) and 5-HBC. Animal studies indicatedthat benomyl and its metabolites rapidlyeliminated out within 24 hours of exposure.They do not accumulate in tissues over longterm exposure.. | [Agricultural Uses]
Fungicide: Used as a pre-harvest systemic fungicide and as a
post-harvest dip. Used on arable and vegetable crops, apples,
soft fruit, nuts, mushrooms, lettuce, tomatoes and turf.
In California, the top five crops for which benomyl is used
are pistachios, table and raisin grapes, almonds, strawberries
and wine grapes. All uses of benomyl products in the
United States was phased out with a deadline of December
31, 2003. Not approved for use in EU countries. | [Trade name]
ABORTRINE®; AGROCITE®;
ARILATE®; BBC 6597®; BENEX®; BENLAT®[C];
BENLATE®, withdrawn 5/7/01; BENLATE 50®;
BENLATE 50 W®; BENLATE 50WP®; BENOMYL®
50 W; BENOSAN®; D 1991®[C]; F 1991®;
FUNDAZOL®; FUNGICIDE 1991®; FUNGACIDE
D-1991®; FUNGOCHROM®; TARSAN®; TERSAN®;
TERSAN 1991®; UZGN® | [Carcinogenicity]
Benomyl was genotoxic, causing chromosome
aberrations in vitro and in vivo, but it does
not directly act with DNA. | [Environmental Fate]
Biological. Mixed cultures can grow on benomyl as the sole carbon source. It was
proposed that benomyl degraded to butylamine and methyl 2-benzimidazole-carbamate
(MBC), the latter undergoing further degradation to 2-aminobenzimidazole then to carbon
dioxide and other products (Fuchs and de Vries, 1978).
Soil. In soil and water, benomyl is transformed to methyl-2-benzimidazole and 2-
aminobenzimidazole (Rhodes and Long, 1974; Ramakrishna et al., 1979; Rajagopal et al.,
1984). Benomyl is easily hydrolyzed in soil to methyl-2-benzimidazole carbamat
Plant. On apple foliage treated with a Benlate formulation, benomyl was transformed
to MBC. Benomyl dissipated quickly and the reported half-life on foliage was 3–7 days
(Chiba and Veres, 1981).
Chemical/Physical. In aqueous solutions, especially in the presence of acids, benomyl
hydrolyzes to the strongly fungicidal methyl-2-benzimidazolecarbamate (carbendazim)
(Clemons and Sisler, 1969; Peterson and Edgington, 1969; Zbozinek, 1984; Cremlyn,
1991; Worthing and Hance, 1991) and butyl isocyanate (Zbozinek, 1984; Worthing and
Hance, 1991). The latter is unstable in water and decomposes to butylamine and carbon dioxide (Zbozinek, 1984). In highly acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions (pH <1 and pH
>11), benomyl is completely converted to 3-butyl-2,4-dioxo-[1,2-a]-s-triazinobenzimida zole (STB) with smaller quantities of methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate (MBC). In addi tion 1-(2-benzimidazolyl)-3-n-butylurea was identified but only under highly alkaline
conditions (Singh and Chiba, 1985).
Emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1990). | [Metabolic pathway]
When benlate is degraded by the singlet oxygen
photoreaction either in methanol or in aqueous
hydrochloric solutions, carbendazim is identified as a
major degradation product with the other nine
degradation products from both reactions, including 2-guanidinobenzimidazole, benzimidazole, and 2,4'-and
2,5'-bibenzimidazoles which are identical to the
photodegradation products of carbendazim by the
singlet oxygen photoreaction in aqueous hydrochloric
acid solution. | [storage]
Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Storein a secure poison location. Store in a cool, dry place or ina refrigerator away from strong bases, strong acids, heat. | [Degradation]
Benomyl (1) was stable under strongly acidic conditions (i.e. 5N HCl;
Singh et al., 1992). Under mildly acidic conditions, benomyl was converted
into carbendazim (MBC, 2) through the loss of n-butyl isocyanate
(3). The mechanism of this reaction involves interaction between the
electron pair at the N-1 position and the proton on the n-butylcarbamoyl
nitrogen. The formation of this hydrogen bond leads to proton abstraction
and the release of 3 (Calmon and Sayag, 1976a). Under alkaline conditions,
the formation of MBC became secondary to the formation of 3-
butyl-2,4-dioxo-s-triazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole(4 ) such that compound 4
was the major degradate at pH 13 (Calmon and Sayag, 1976b; Singh and
Chiba, 1985). The DT50 values of benomyl at 25 °C in pH 5,7 and 9 solutions
were 3.5, 1.5 and <1 hour, respectively (WHO, 1993). The relative
stability of benomyl in strongly acidic solution was attributed to the
protonation of the molecule (Singh et al., 1990).
Carbendazim (2) decomposed under alkaline conditions via the cleavage
of the amide linkage to yield 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-AB, 5)
(Watkins, 1976; Zbozinek, 1984). In pH 9 solution, the hydrolytic DT50 for
MBC was ca. 54 days (WHO, 1993). Under extreme alkaline conditions,
compound 4 was converted into 1-(2-benzimidazolyl)-3-n-butylurea (6)
via the cleavage of the carbamoyl moiety (White et al., 1973). Butyl
isocyanate (3), once formed, hydrolysed rapidly in aqueous solution to
yield n-butylcarbamic acid (7) and n-butylamine (8) (Calmon and Sayag,
1976a). These products are shown in Scheme 1.
Photolysis was not a significant degradation pathway for benomyl in
sterile pH 5 solution (Powley, 1985) under natural sunlight. |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
T,N | [Risk Statements ]
R60:May impair fertility.
R61:May cause harm to the unborn child.
R37/38:Irritating to respiratory system and skin .
R43:May cause sensitization by skin contact.
R50/53:Very Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment . | [Safety Statements ]
S53:Avoid exposure-obtain special instruction before use .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S60:This material and/or its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste .
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet . | [RIDADR ]
UN 3077 9/PG 3
| [WGK Germany ]
3
| [RTECS ]
DD6475000
| [HazardClass ]
4.1 | [PackingGroup ]
III | [HS Code ]
29339900 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by ingestion.
Mildly toxic by inhalation. Experimental
teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human
mutation data reported. A human skin irritant. When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of NO,. See also
CARB AMATES. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
17804-35-2(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 orally in rats: >9590 mg/kg (Schafer) |
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