| Identification | More | [Name]
DMDS | [CAS]
624-92-0 | [Synonyms]
2,3-DITHIABUTANE
DIMETHYL DISULFIDE
DIMETHYL DISULPHIDE
DMDS
FEMA 3536
METHYL DISULFIDE
METHYL DISULPHIDE
(CH3S)2
(Methyldisulfanyl)methane
(Methyldithio)methane
2,3-dithiobutane
ai3-25305
dimethyldisulfane
Disulfide,dimethyl
disulfide,dimethyl-
disulfurededimethyle
disulfuredemethyle
mds
methyldithiomethane
Sulfa-hitech | [EINECS(EC#)]
210-871-0 | [Molecular Formula]
C2H6S2 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00008561 | [Molecular Weight]
94.2 | [MOL File]
624-92-0.mol |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Appearance]
colourless to yellow liquid with a very unpleasant smell | [Melting point ]
-85 °C | [Boiling point ]
109 °C(lit.)
| [density ]
1.0625 | [vapor density ]
3.24 (vs air)
| [vapor pressure ]
22 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
| [FEMA ]
3536 | [refractive index ]
n20/D 1.525(lit.)
| [Fp ]
76 °F
| [storage temp. ]
Flammables area | [solubility ]
2.7g/l | [form ]
Liquid | [color ]
Clear yellow | [Specific Gravity]
1.0647 (20/4℃) | [Odor]
at 0.10 % in propylene glycol. sulfurous vegetable cabbage onion | [Stability:]
Stable. Incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents. Flammable. | [explosive limit]
1.1-16.1%(V) | [Odor Threshold]
0.0022ppm | [Odor Type]
sulfurous | [Water Solubility ]
<0.1 g/100 mL at 20 ºC | [JECFA Number]
564 | [BRN ]
1730824 | [Dielectric constant]
9.7699999999999996 | [Exposure limits]
ACGIH: TWA 0.5 ppm (Skin) | [InChIKey]
WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N | [LogP]
1.91 at 20℃ | [CAS DataBase Reference]
624-92-0(CAS DataBase Reference) | [NIST Chemistry Reference]
Disulfide, dimethyl(624-92-0) | [EPA Substance Registry System]
624-92-0(EPA Substance) |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
F,Xn,N,T+ | [Risk Statements ]
R11:Highly Flammable.
R20/22:Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed .
R36:Irritating to the eyes.
R51/53:Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment .
R36/37/38:Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin .
R26:Very Toxic by inhalation.
R22:Harmful if swallowed. | [Safety Statements ]
S26:In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice .
S61:Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet .
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show label where possible) .
S38:In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment .
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection .
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition-No smoking .
S60:This material and/or its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste . | [RIDADR ]
UN 2381 3/PG 2
| [WGK Germany ]
2
| [RTECS ]
JO1927500
| [Autoignition Temperature]
304 °C | [TSCA ]
Yes | [HazardClass ]
3 | [PackingGroup ]
II | [HS Code ]
29309070 | [Safety Profile]
Poison by inhalation. A
very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to
heat, flame, or oxidzers. Can react
vigorously with oxiduing materials. See also
SULFIDES. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
624-92-0(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
LD50 orally in Rabbit: 290 - 500 mg/kg |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [General Description]
A colorless oily liquid with a garlic-like odor. Denser than water and slightly soluble in water. Flash point 40°F. Vapors heavier than air. May irritate skin and eyes. Used to make other chemicals. | [Reactivity Profile]
DIMETHYL DISULFIDE(624-92-0) is a reducing agent. A dangerous fire hazard when exposed to oxidizing materials. Emits toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur when heated to decomposition or on contact with acids [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1320]. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water. | [Health Hazard]
May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. | [Fire Hazard]
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. | [Description]
Methyl disulfide has a diffuse intense onion odor. It is nonlachrymatory. May be prepared from magnesium methyl iodide and
S2C12, or from Na2S2 and sodium methyl sulfate; also from methyl
bromide and sodium thiosulfate, after which the resulting sodium
methylthiosulfate is heated to yield dimethyl disulfide. | [Chemical Properties]
colourless to yellow liquid with a very unpleasant smell, insoluble in water, Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether and acetic acid. It is a strong odor component irritant which is also included in garlic and has been designated as a specific malodorous substances based on the Offensive Odor Control Law. Its detection threshold shows 0.002 ppm, which senses a low concentration equivalent to Dimethyl sulfide. | [Occurrence]
Reported found in sour cherry, guava, melon, peach, pineapple, strawberry, cabbage, kohlrabi, onion, garlic,
shallot, leek, chive, peas, potato, rutabaga, tomato, parsley, breads, many cheeses, yogurt, milk, egg, fish, meats, hop oil, beer, Scotch
whiskey, cognac, grape wines, cocoa, coffee, peanut, peanut butter, pecan, potato chips, oats, soybean, beans, mushrooms, trassi,
macadamia nut, mango, cauliflower, broccoli, brussels sprouts, rice, radish, sukiyaki, sake, watercress, malt, wort, krill, southern
pea, loquat, sapodilla, shrimp, oyster, crab, crayfish, clam, scallops and squid. | [Uses]
Methyl disulfide is probably best known for its use as a component
of flavoring materials. It has an intense onion odor by itself.
Ironically, although many find its odor objectionable at high
concentrations as noted above, when diluted, its aroma has also
been described as pleasant. Methyl disulfide is often used in
combination with other flavor compounds in food products,
including baked goods, cheese, frozen dairy products, meat
products, soups, savory flavors, fruit flavors, soft candy, gelatin,
puddings, and both alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages.
Industrially, methyl disulfide is also used as a sulfiding
agent to catalyze reactions in oil refineries and other industries.
It has a low flash point of 16 ℃ (61 °F) that presents fire
hazards during refinery usage. Due to its strong odor and low
flash point, methyl disulfide typically requires storage under
nitrogen pressure in closed containers.
Other novel applications are being explored, including
inclusion of methyl disulfide in insect trap baiting products to
attract biting flies and mosquitos. It is also proposed as an
insecticidal fumigant substitute for methyl bromide. Methyl
disulfide formed during irradiation of foods also has potential
to be used as irradiation detection marker for frozen-stored
meats under oxygen-permeable packaging conditions. Among
sulfur volatiles, only methyl disulfide was found in meat after 6
months of storage at -40 ℃ (40 °F). Methyl disulfide is also
being studied as a signaling molecule in marine ecosystems to
study effects of climate change. | [Definition]
ChEBI: An organic disulfide that is methane in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a methyldisulfanyl group. | [Preparation]
From magnesium methyl iodide and S2Cl2, or from S2S2 and sodium methyl sulfate; also from methyl bromide and sodium
thiosulfate, after which the resulting sodium methylthiosulfate is heated to yield dimethyl disulfide. | [Aroma threshold values]
Detection: 0.16 to 1.2 ppb. Recognition: 90 ppb | [Flammability and Explosibility]
Highlyflammable | [Potential Exposure]
PrimaryIrritant. This material may be used as an organicintermediate | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. | [Environmental Fate]
Naturally occurring methyl disulfide is present in small
amounts throughout the natural environment. Accidental releases of larger quantities of methyl sulfide from industrial
processes can also potentially enter the environment as liquid
or vapor. It is immiscible with water, so it is unlikely to be
found in high concentrations in water supplies, but it is
miscible with most common organic solvents.
The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) provides
a good, detailed explanation of environmental fate. When
released to air, a vapor pressure of 28.7mmHg at 25 ℃ indicates
that methyl disulfide will exist as a vapor in the ambient
atmosphere. Vapor-phase methyl disulfide is degraded in the
atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced
hydroxyl radicals. The half-life for this reaction in air is estimated
to be 4 h. Direct photolysis (half-life of 3.2–4.6 h at full
sunlight) and reaction with nitrate radicals (half-life of 1.1 h
during night-time hours) will also contribute to its atmospheric
degradation.
If released to soil, methyl disulfide is expected to have
moderate mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 220. In
water, methyl disulfide is not expected to adsorb to suspended
solids and sediment in water based on its Koc value. In both soil
and water, volatilization to the atmosphere is expected to be
the major transport process, based on a Henry’s law constant of
1.21× 10–3 atm-m3 mol–1. Estimated volatilization half-lives
for a model river and model lake are 3 h and 4 days, respectively.
Volatilization from dry soil surfaces is possible given the
vapor pressure of this compound. Since methyl disulfide
photolyzes readily in sunlight, photodegradation on soil or
water surfaces exposed to sunlight could be an important
transformation process. Other than photodegradation, because
it is such a stable molecule, methyl disulfide is not readily
biodegradable by microorganisms and therefore can be relatively
persistent in the environment. Although limited
biodegradation data suggest that methyl disulfide can biodegrade,
insufficient data are available to predict its relative
environmental importance in soil or water. An estimated bioconcentration
factor (BCF) of 13 suggests the potential for
bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. | [storage]
Color Code—Red: Flammability Hazard: Store ina flammable liquid storage area or approved cabinet awayfrom ignition sources and corrosive and reactive materials.Prior to working with Dimethyl disulfide you should betrained on its proper handling and storage. Before enteringconfined space where this chemical may be present, checkto make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist.Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilatedarea away from any form of moisture, oxidizers, acids.Metal containers involving the transfer of this chemicalshould be grounded and bonded. Where possible, automatically pump liquid from drums or other storage containers toprocess containers. Drums must be equipped with self-closing valves, pressure vacuum bungs, and flame arresters. Useonly nonsparking tools and equipment, especially whenopening and closing containers of this chemical. Sources ofignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibitedwhere this chemical is used, handled, or stored in a mannerthat could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.Wherever this chemical is used, handled, manufactured, orstored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment andfittings. | [Shipping]
This compound requires a shipping label of“FLAMMABLE LIQUID.” It falls in Hazard Class 3 andPacking Group II. | [Purification Methods]
Pass it through neutral alumina before use. [Trost Chem Rev 78 363 1978, Beilstein 1 IV 1281.] | [Toxicity evaluation]
Very little information is available on mechanism of toxicity.
Although the authors of one experimental animal study suggested
that methyl disulfide toxicity resembles that of hydrogen
sulfide, it is not at all clear that cytochrome oxidase inhibition
can result from methyl disulfide exposure. Mechanistically
hydrogen sulfide is classified as a chemical asphyxiant because
of its known ability to disrupt electron transport and oxidative
phosphorylation by interaction with the enzyme cytochrome
oxidase. Other sources classify methyl disulfide a simple
asphyxiant, which means that it is nonreactive with enzymes or
other cell components and simply displaces oxygen in the air.
Some information indicates that neurotoxicity to insects
results when methyl disulfide disrupts calcium-activated
potassium channels in insect pacemaker neurons. | [Incompatibilities]
Forms explosive mixture with air.Contact with water or acids forms flammable and toxicvapors of hydrogen sulfide. Contact with oxidizing materials or acids can cause a violent reaction. |
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