Magnesium Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
SILBRIGWEISSER METALLISCHER FESTSTOFF IN VERSCHIEDENEN FORMEN.
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
GRAUES PULVER.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Staubexplosion der pulverisierten oder granulierten Substanz in Gemischen mit Luft möglich. Die trockene Substanz kann durch Verwirbeln, Druckluft, Fließen usw. elektrostatisch aufgeladen werden.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Kann sich beim Kontakt mit Luft oder Feuchtigkeit spontan entzündenunter Bildung reizender oder giftiger Rauche. Reagiert sehr heftig mit starken Oxidationsmitteln. Reagiert sehr heftig mit vielen Substanzen unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Reagiert mit Säuren und Wasser unter Bildung brennbarer/explosionsfähiger Gase (z.B. Wasserstoff, ICSC-Nr. 0001). Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Kann sich in fein verteilter Form beim Kontakt mit Luft oder beim Erhitzen spontan entzünden . Beim Erhitzen bilden sich giftige Rauche. Starkes Reduktionsmittel. Reagiert sehr heftig mit Oxidationsmitteln und vielen anderen Substanzen unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Reagiert mit Feuchtigkeit oder Säuren unter Entwicklung von brennbarem Gas (Wasserstoff, s. ICSC 0001). Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Verschlucken.
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfung bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine gesundheitsschädliche Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Inhalation des Rauches kann Metalldampffieber verursachen.
LECKAGE
NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln. NICHT in die Kanalisation spülen. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R34:Verursacht Verätzungen.
R15:Reagiert mit Wasser unter Bildung hochentzündlicher Gase.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R17:Selbstentzündlich an der Luft. Spontaneously flammable in air.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R19:Kann explosionsfähige Peroxide bilden.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S43:Zum Löschen . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben) verwenden (wenn Wasser die Gefahr erhöht, anfügen: "Kein Wasser verwenden").
S7/8:Behälter trocken und dicht geschlossen halten.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
S33:Maßnahmen gegen elektrostatische Aufladungen treffen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
Beschreibung
Magnesium is a Group 2 element (Group IIA in older labeling schemes). This element has the symbol Mg, atomic number 12, atomic weight of 24.305 g/mol and common oxidation number ＋2. It is the eighth most abundant element in the earth s crust by mass, although ninth in the Universe as a whole. This preponderance of magnesium in the Universe is related to the fact that it is easily built up in supernova stars from a sequential addition of three helium nuclei to carbon (which in turn is made from three helium nuclei). Magnesium constitutes about 2% of the Earth s crust by mass, which makes it the eighth most abundant element in the crust. Magnesium ion’s high solubility in water helps to
ensure that it is the third most abundant element dissolved
in seawater.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Magnesium is a light, silvery-white metal in
various forms, and is a fire hazard.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Magnesium is a lightweight, silvery-white, malleable alkali earth metal that is flammable.It has a weak electronegativity (–1.31), which means it is highly reactive as it combines withsome nonmetals. As with other alkali earth metals, magnesium is a good conductor of heatand electricity. Its melting point is 648.8°C, its boiling point is 1090°C, and its density is1.74 g/cm
3, making it about one-fifth the density of iron and only two-thirds as dense asaluminum.
Isotopes
There are 15 isotopes of magnesium, ranging from Mg-20 to Mg-34. Threeof these isotopes are stable: Mg-24 makes up 78.99% of all magnesium found in theEarth’s crust. Mg-25 makes up 10%, and Mg-26 constitutes most of the rest at 11%.The other 12 isotopes are radioactive and are produced artificially with half-lives rangingfrom microseconds to a few hours.
Origin of Name
Magnesium is named after Magnesia, an ancient region of Thessaly,
Greece, where it was mined. Magnesium is often confused with another element, manganese. One way to eliminate the confusion is to think of magnesium (Mg) as “12” and
manganese (Mn) as “25” and to use the mental trick of remembering that “g” comes
before “n” in the alphabet, so magnesium is the one with lower atomic number.
Occurrence
Magnesium is the eighth most abundant of the elements found in the entire universe, andthe seventh most abundant found in the Earth’s crust. Its oxide (MgO) is second in abundance to oxide of silicon (SiO
2), which is the most abundant oxide found in the Earth’s crust.Magnesium is found in great quantities in seawater and brines, which provide an endless supply. Each cubic mile of seawater contains about 12 billion pounds of magnesium. Althoughmagnesium metal cannot be extracted from seawater directly, it can be extracted by severalchemical processes through which magnesium chloride (MgCl
2) is produced. Electrolysis isthen used with the magnesium chloride as the electrolyte at 714°C to produce metallic magnesium and chlorine gas. Another method of securing magnesium is known as the Pigeonprocess. This procedure uses the magnesium minerals dolomite or ferrosilicon. Dolomite(CaCO
3), which also contains MgCO
3, is crushed and then heated to produce oxides of Caand Mg. The oxides are heated to about 1200°C along with the ferrosilicon (an alloy of ironand silicon), and the silicon reduces the magnesium, producing a vapor of metallic magnesiumthat, as it cools, condenses to pure magnesium metal.
Charakteristisch
While in a thin solid form, magnesium ignites at 650°C, and it is more easily ignited ina fine powder form. Burning magnesium produces a brilliant white light. It is also used asan oxidizer to displace several other metals from their compound minerals, salts, and ores. Itis alloyed with other metals to make them lighter and more machinable, so that they can berolled, pounded, formed into wires, and worked on a lathe.The ground water in many regions of the United States contains relatively high percentagesof magnesium, as well as some other minerals. A small amount improves the taste of water,but larger amounts result in “hard” water, which interferes with the chemical and physicalaction of soaps and detergents. The result is a scum-like precipitate that interferes with thecleansing action. The solution is the use of water softeners that treat hard water with eithersodium chloride or potassium chloride, which displace the magnesium—making the water“soft,” resulting in a more effective cleansing action.
Verwenden
magnesium plays an important role in various processes within the skin, including amino acid synthesis and protein synthesis (e.g., collagen), and in the metabolism of calcium, sodium, and phosphorus.
Definition
Metallic element of atomic
number 12, group IIA of the periodic table, aw
24.305, valence = 2; three isotopes. Magnesium
is the central element of the chlorophyll molecule;
it is also an important component of red blood corpuscles.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A light silvery metal. The more finely divided material reacts with water to liberate hydrogen, a flammable gas, though this reaction is not as vigorous as that of sodium or lithium with water. In finely divided forms is easily ignited. Burns with an intense white flame. Can be wax coated to render magnesium as nonreactive.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Pyrophoric in dust form [Bretherick 1979, p. 104]. Magnesium ribbon and fine magnesium shavings can be ignited at air temperatures of about 950°F and very finely divided powder has been ignited at air temperatures below 900°F. [Magnesium Standard 1967 p. 4]. The more finely divided material reacts with water to liberate hydrogen, a flammable gas, though this reaction is not as vigorous as that of sodium or lithium
Reaktivität anzeigen
Magnesium slowly oxidizes in moist air. Reacts very slowly with water at ordinary temperatures, less slowly at 100°C. Reacts with aqueous solutions of dilute acids with liberation of hydrogen [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. In the presence of carbon, the combination of chlorine trifluoride with aluminum, copper, lead, magnesium, silver, tin, or zinc results in a violent reaction [Mellor 2, Supp. 1. 1956]. A mixture of powdered magnesium with trichloroethylene or with carbon tetrachloride will flash or spark under heavy impact [ASESB Pot. Incid, 39. 1968]. Stannic oxide, heated with magnesium explodes [Mellor 7:401. 1946-47]. When carbon dioxide gas is passed over a mixture of powdered magnesium and sodium peroxide, the mixture exploded [Mellor 2:490. 1946-47]. Powdered magnesium plus potassium (or sodium) perchlorate is a friction- sensitive mixture [Safety Eng. Reports. 1947]. An explosion occurred during heating of a mixture of potassium chlorate and magnesium [Chem. Eng. News 14:451. 1936]. Powdered magnesium can decompose performic acid violently [Berichte 48:1139. 1915]. A mixture of finely divided magnesium and nitric acid is explosive [Pieters 1957. p. 28]. Magnesium exposed to moist fluorine or chlorine is spontaneously flammable [Mellor 4:267. 1946-47].
Hazard
Magnesium metal, particularly in the form of powder or small particles, can be ignited atrelatively low temperatures. The resulting fires are difficult to extinguish, requiring dry sandor dirt. Water will just accelerate the fire as hydrogen that will intensify the fire is releasedfrom the water.
Some magnesium compounds, whose molecules contain several atoms of oxygen—Mg(ClO
4), for example—are extremely explosive when in contact with moist organic substance,such as your hands.
Although traces of magnesium are required for good nutrition and health, some compoundsof magnesium are poisonous when ingested.
Health Hazard
Inhalation of magnesium dust can produceirritation of the eyes and mucous membranes.Magnesium may react with waterin the bronchial passage to form magnesiumhydroxide, which is caustic and maycause adverse effects on lungs. The fumescan cause metal fever.
Brandgefahr
Behavior in Fire: Forms dense white smoke. Flame is very bright.
mögliche Exposition
Magnesium alloyed with manganese,
aluminum, thorium, zinc, cerium, and zirconium, is used in
aircraft, ships, automobiles, hand tools, etc., because of its
lightness. Dow metal is the general name for a large group
of alloys containing over 85% magnesium. Magnesium
wire and ribbon are used for degassing valves in the radio
industry and in various heating appliances; as a deoxidizer
and desulfurizer in copper, brass, and nickel alloys;
in chemical reagents; as the powder in the manufacture
of flares, incendiary bombs, tracer bullets, and flashlight
powders; in the nuclear energy process; and in a cement
of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride for floors.
Magnesium is an essential element in human and animal
nutrition and also in plants, where it is a component of altypes of chlorophyll. It is the most abundant intracellular
divalent cation in both plants and animals. It is an activator
of many mammalian enzymes
Carcinogenicity
MgO is regarded as an
“experimental tumorigen”, although the only reference
in the literature that could be found relating to the carcinogenicity of MgO was an instillation study, in which
MgO dust instilled intratracheally for 30 weeks resulted in
induction of histiocytic lymphomas in hamsters. It was
also demonstrated that MgO enhanced the tumorigenesis of
benzo[a]pyrene and was an effective carrier agent for the
experimental induction of respiratory tract tumors.
Environmental Fate
Aquatic fate: Because of magnesium ion’s high solubility in
water, it is the third most abundant element dissolved in
seawater, because rainwater falling on rocks can also increase
the level of magnesium in river and seawater.
Versand/Shipping
UN1869 Magnesium pellets, turnings or ribbons,
Hazard Class: 4.1; Labels: 4.1-Flammable solid. UN1418
Magnesium, powder or Magnesium alloys, powder, Hazard
Class: 4.3; Labels: 4.3-Dangerous when wet material,
4.2-Spontaneously combustible material. UN2950 Magnesium
granules, coated, particle size not <149 μm, Hazard Class:
4.3; Labels: 4.3-Dangerous when wet material
läuterung methode
It slowly oxidises in moist air and tarnishes. If dark in colour, do not use. The shiny solid should be degreased by washing with dry Et2O, dry it in vacuo and keep it in a N2 atmosphere. It can be activated by stirring it in Et2O containing a crystal of I2 then filtering it off, before drying and storing. [Gmelin’s Magnesium (8th edn) 27A 121 1937.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Dust may form explosive mixture with
air. Capable of self-ignition in moist air. The substance is
a strong reducing agent. Reacts violently with, oxidizers,
strong acids; acetylene, ammonium salts; arsenic, beryllium
fluoride, carbon tetrachloride, carbonates, chloroform,
cyanides, chlorinated hydrocarbons; ethylene oxide; hydrocarbons, metal oxides; methanol, phosphates, silver nitrate;
sodium peroxide; sulfates, trichloroethylene, and many
other substances, causing fire and explosion hazards. Finely
divided material, in powdered, chip or sheet form, reacts
with moisture or acids, evolving flammable hydrogen gas,
causing fire and explosion hazard. Finely divided form
is readily ignited by a spark or flame. It splatters and burns
at above 1260℃
Magnesium Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
Benzylmethylsulfid
2-Furanboronic acid
3,3-DIMETHYLISOBENZOFURAN-1(3H)-ONE
1-Ethenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methoxy-1-naphthalenol
3-Nitrophenylessigsure
4-tert-Butylphenylboronic acid
Indolin-2-carbonsure
Bis(tributylzinn)oxid
1,2-Bis(dimethylsilyl)benzene
2-ETHOXYPHENYLBORONIC ACID
magnesium sulphate monohydrate
Arsensure, Magnesiumsalz
ETHYNYLMAGNESIUM BROMIDE
α,α,α-Trifluor-o-toluylsure
4-Phenoxybutanoic acid
α-(4-Pyridyl)benzhydrylalkohol
Ethylphenylglyoxylat
Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylen
3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYPHENYLBORONIC ACID
tert-Butylmagnesiumchlorid
Dicyclohexylphenylphosphin
Triethoxy(phenyl)silan
Isopropyldiphenylphosphin
3-Methoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid
2-Ethyl-2-adamantanol
17β-Hydroxy-17-methylandrosta-4,9(11)-dien-3-on
Allylmagnesiumchlorid
Trichlor(octadecyl)silan
2-Methoxycarbonylphenylboronic acid
4-(4'-Chlorbenzoyl)pyridin
2,2':5',2''-TERTHIOPHENE
Cyclopropylacetic acid
1-(2-CHLORO-PYRIDIN-4-YL)-ETHANONE
9-Phenylanthracen
glue roll
Azocyclotin W.P.
2-Methyl-2-adamantanol
Tricyclohexylphosphin
Diethylphenylphosphin
1-(3-Methylpyrazinyl)ethan-1-on
