1,2-다이클로로에틸렌 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Acetylene dichloride is a colourless liquid (usually a mixture of the cis and trans isomers)
with a slightly acrid, chloroform-like odour. Acetylene dichloride is a chemical used
mainly in the production of perfumes, dyes, and thermoplastics. The type and severity
of symptoms varies depending on the amount of chemical involved and the nature of
the exposure. It is incompatible with strong oxidisers, strong alkalis, potassium hydroxide,
and copper. Acetylene dichloride is highly flammable and in a fire gives off irritating
or toxic fumes/gases. (Acetylene dichloride usually contains inhibitors to prevent
polymerisation.)
화학적 성질
1,2-Dichloroethylene exists in three isomers,
sym-, cis-60% and trans-40%. There are variations in toxicity between these two forms. At room temperature, these
chemicals are colorless liquids with a slightly acrid, ethereal odor. The Odor Threshold in air is 17 ppm.
sym-isomer:
용도
1,2-Dichloroethylene is used as a
solvent for organic materials and as an intermediate
in the synthesis of other chlorinated
compounds; it may be produced by the chlorination
of acetylene but is often produced as a
by-product in the manufacture of other chlorinated
compounds.
일반 설명
A clear colorless liquid with ether-like odor. Mixture of cis and trans isomers. Flashpoint 36 - 43° F. Denser than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.
공기와 물의 반응
Highly flammable. 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE is sensitive to air, light and moisture. Heat contributes to instability. Insoluble in water.
반응 프로필
1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE reacts violently with sodium, sodium hydroxide, copper and copper alloys. 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE can react with caustic alkynes or their concentrated solutions. 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE forms explosive mixtures with N2O4. 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE is incompatible with strong oxidizers. 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE is corrosive to metals. 1,2-DICHLOROETHYLENE attacks some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings.
건강위험
Inhalation causes nausea, vomiting, weakness, tremor, epigastric cramps, central nervous depression. Contact with liquid causes irritation of eyes and (on prolonged contact) skin. Ingestion causes slight depression to deep narcosis.
화학 반응
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Will not occur under ordinary conditions of shipment. The reaction is not vigorous; Inhibitor of Polymerization: None used.
Safety Profile
Poison by inhalation.
Moderately toxic by ingestion. A skin
irritant. When heated to decomposition it
emits highly toxic fumes of Cl-. See also
ACETYLENE COMPOUNDS, and
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS,
ALIPHATIC .
잠재적 노출
Primary irritant (w/o allergic reaction).
1,2-Dichloroethylene is used as a solvent for waxes, resins,
and acetylcellulose. It is also used in the extraction of rubber, as a refrigerant; in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals
and artificial pearls; and in the extraction of oils and fats
from fish and meat.
Carcinogenicity
In genotoxic assays the cis isomer induced
chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone
marrow cells after intraperitoneal injections.7
Neither isomer was mutagenic in bacterial
assays, nor did they produce chromosomal
aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges in
mammalian cells in vitro.
The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime-
weighted average (TLV-TWA) for 1,2-
dichloroethylene is 200ppm (793mg/m3).
운송 방법
UN1150 Dichloroethylene, Hazard Class: 3;
Labels: 3-Flammable liquid.
Purification Methods
Shake it successively with conc H2SO4, water, aqueous NaHCO3 and water. Dry it with MgSO4 and fractionally distil it to separate the cis-and trans-isomers. [Beilstein 1 IV 707-709.]
비 호환성
May form explosive mixture with air.
Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings. Incompatible
with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.);
contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from
alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and
epoxides. Gradual decomposition results in hydrochloric
acid formation in the presence of ultraviolet light or upon
contact with hot metal or other hot surfaces. Reacts with
strong bases; potassium hydroxide; difluoromethylene,
dihypofluoride, nitrogen tetroxide (explosive); or copper
(and its alloys) producing toxic chloroacetylene which is
spontaneously flammable on contact with air. Attacks some
plastics and coatings.
폐기물 처리
Incineration, preferably after
mixing with another combustible fuel. Care must be exercised to assure complete combustion to prevent the formation of phosgene. An acid scrubber is necessary to remove
the halo acids produced. Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≧100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
1,2-다이클로로에틸렌 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
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