메틸알콜

메틸알콜 속성

메틸알콜 MSDS

Carbinol

메틸알콜 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

메탄올가장 간단한 알코올 화합물로 무색의 휘발성, 가연성, 유독성 액체이다. 메탄올은 극성 분자이고,수소 결합을 한다.

용도

1) 유기 합성 원료(예를 들면 에스테르류, 에테르류 및 메틸 화합물 등).
2) 자동차 내한 연료.
3) 포름알데히드의 제조.
4) 에틸알코올의 변성제.
5) 일반 용제.
6) 기타 무연 화약, 페인트, 바니시, 페인트 제거제, 광택제, 세탁제, 투명 비누, 소독 비누, 드라이클리닝, 가열용 및 조명용 연료의 성분, 향료, 에틸알코올의 일부 대용 등에 이용된다.
7) 분석용 시약. 주로 B, K, Na, Al, Ba, Ca, Mg, Sr 등의 분리 정량의 용매로서 사용된다.

생산/준비/합성

1) 일산화탄소 및 수소로부터 고압 접촉 반응으로 합성된다. 합성 원료 가스는 코크스, 석탄, 천연 가스 등에서 얻어진다. 2) 목재 건류로 얻어진 메틸알코올을 정제하여 만든다. 3)메탄올은 혐기성 생물의 대사 과정에서 자연적으로 만들어지기도 한다.

독성

메탄올은 인체 내에 흡수 시, 폼알데하이드라는 물질로 변환되어 인체에 치명적이다. WHO 필수 의약품 목록에 있는 포메피졸(en:Fomepizole)이라는 해독제가 있다. 만일 실수로 메탄올을 섭취했고 포메피졸을 구할 수 없는 경우 응급 처치로 다량의 에탄올을 투여하면 된다. 즉, 술을 많이 마시면 된다.

순도시험

  (1) 용해도 : 이 품목 15mL를 물 45mL와 혼합할 때, 다음 1시간 후에도 이 액은 동량의 물처럼 맑아야 한다.

  (2) 산도(개미산으로서) : 에탄올 10mL와 물 25mL를 섞은 용액에 페놀프탈레인시액 0.5mL를 가하고 적어도 30초간 엷은 적색이 지속될 때까지 0.02N 수산화나트륨용액을 가한 다음 이 품목 19mL(약 15g에 해당하는 양)를 넣어 섞는다. 다시 엷은 적색이 나타날 때까지 0.02N 수산화나트륨용으로 적정할 때, 그 소비량은 0.25mL 이하이어야 한다.(지시약 : 페놀프탈레인시액 0.1mL)

  (3) 알칼리도(암모니아로서) : 물 25mL에 메틸레드시액 1방울을 가하고 적색이 나타날 때까지 0.02N 황산을 가한 다음 이 품목 29mL(약 22.5g에 해당하는 양)를 넣고 다시 적색을 나타날 때까지 적정할 때, 그 소비량은 0.2mL 이하이어야 한다.

  (4) 아세톤 및 알데히드류 : 이 품목 1.25mL(약 1g에 해당하는 양)에 물 3.75mL와 마이야시액 5.0mL를 가할 때 혼탁도가 30μg의 아세톤을 함유하는 표준액보다 작아야 한다(0.003% 이하).

  (5) 과망간산염을 환원하는 물질 : 이 품목 20mL를 15℃로 냉각한 후 마개가 있는 실린더에 옮기고 0.1N 과망간산칼륨용액 0.1mL를 가한 다음 5분간 방치하였을 때, 엷은 적색이 완전히 사라져서는 아니 된다.

  (6) 납 : 이 품목 5.0g을 취하여 원자흡광광도법 또는 유도결합플라즈마발광광도법에 따라 시험할 때, 그 양은 2.0ppm 이하이어야 한다.

  (7) 증류시험 : 이 품목을 비점 및 유분측정법에 따라 유분을 측정할 때, 63.6～65.6℃에서 95%(v/v) 이상을 유출하여야 한다.

  (8) 탄화물질 : 이 품목 25mL에 10℃로 한 황산시액 25mL를 가하여 혼합한 액의 색은 백금-코발트시액 3.5mL에 물을 가하여 50mL로 한 액의 색보다 진하여서는 아니 된다.

    백금-코발트시액 : 클로로백금산칼륨(K₂PtCl₆) 1.246g 및 염화코발트(COCl₂·6H₂O) 1.00g에 물 200mL 및 염산 100mL를 가하여 녹인 다음 물을 가하여 1,000mL로 한다. 

  (9) 비휘발성잔류물 : 이 품목 125mL(약 100g에 해당하는 양)을 수욕상에서 건조시킨 다음 다시 105℃에서 30분간 건조시킨 후 냉각하였을 때, 그 잔류량의 무게는 10ppm 이하이어야 한다.

정량법

  이 품목의 함량은 비중측정법으로 시험한다. 비중으로서 0.7928 이하이어야 한다.

개요

Methyl alcohol, also known as methanol or wood alcohol, is a clear, colorless, flammable liquid that is the simplest alcohol.
World production of methanol is approximately 8.5 billion gallons annually. Methanol is produced industrially, starting with the production of synthesis gas or syngas. Syngas used in the production of methyl alcohol is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen formed when natural gas reacts with steam or oxygen. Methyl alcohol is then synthesized from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
Methyl alcohol is poisonous and is commonly used to denature ethyl alcohol. Methanol poisoning results from ingestion, inhalation of methanol vapors, or absorption through the skin. Methanol is transformed in the body to formaldehyde (H2CO) by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.The formaldehyde is then metabolized to formic acid (HCOOH)by aldehyde dehydrogenase.

화학적 성질

Methanol is a clear, water-white liquid with a mild odor at ambient temperatures.The air odor threshold for methanol has been reported as 100 ppm . Others have reported that 2000 or 5900 ppm methanol is barely detectable .

물리적 성질

Clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic alcoholic odor. Odor threshold concentrations ranged from 8.5 ppb_v (Nagata and Takeuchi, 1990) to 100.0 ppm_v (Leonardos et al., 1969). Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 5.5 mg/m³ (4.2 ppm_v) and 69 mg/m³ (53 ppm_v), respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974).

역사

It was first isolated in 1661 by the Irish chemist Robert Boyle (1627–1691) who prepared it by the destructive distillation of boxwood, giving it the name spirit of box, and the name wood alcohol is still used for methyl alcohol. Methyl alcohol is also called pyroxylic spirit; pyroxylic is a general term meaning distilled from wood and indicates that methyl alcohol is formed during pyrolysis of wood. The common name was derived in the mid-1800s. The name methyl denotes the single carbon alkane methane in which a hydrogen atom has been removed to give the methyl radical. The word alcohol is derived from Arabic al kuhul.

용도

Methylalcohol, CH30H, also known as methanol or wood alcohol, is a colorless, toxic, flammable liquid with a boiling point of 64.6 °C(147 °F). The principal toxic effect is on the nervous system,particularly the retinae. Methyl alcoholis miscible in all proportions with water,ethyl alcohol, and ether. It burns with a light blue flame producing water and carbon dioxide. This vapor forms an explosive mixture(6.0 to 36.5% by volume) with air. Methyl alcohol is an important inexpensive raw material that is synthetically produced for the organic chemical industry. Nearly half of the methyl alcohol manufactured is used in the production of formaldehyde. Other uses of methyl alcohol are as an antifreeze and fuel for automobiles and as an intermediate in the production of synthetic protein.

정의

ChEBI: Methanol is the primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. It has a role as an amphiprotic solvent, a fuel, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite and a Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite. It is an alkyl alcohol, a one-carbon compound, a volatile organic compound and a primary alcohol. It is a conjugate acid of a methoxide.

생산 방법

Modern industrial-scale methanol production is exclusively based on synthesis from pressurized mixtures of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide gases in the presence of catalysts. Based on production volume, methanol has become one of the largest commodity chemicals produced in the world.

화학 반응

Methyl alcohol is a versatile material, reacting (1) with sodium metal, forming sodium methylate, sodium methoxide CH3ONa plus hydrogen gas, (2) with phosphorus chloride, bromide, iodide, forming methyl chloride, bromide, iodide, respectively, (3) with H2SO4 concentrated, forming dimethyl ether (CH3)2O, (4) with organic acids, warmed in the presence of H2SO4, forming esters, e.g., methyl acetate CH3COOCH3, [CAS: 79-20-9], methyl salicylate C6H4(OH)·COOCH3, possessing characteristic odors, (5) with magnesium methyl iodide in anhydrous ether (Grignard’s solution), forming methane as in the case of primary alcohols, (6) with calcium chloride, forming a solid addition compound 4CH3OH·CaCl2, which is decomposed by H2O, (7) with oxygen, in the presence of heated smooth copper or silver forming formaldehyde. The density of pure methyl alcohol is 0.792 at 20 °C compared with H2O at 4 °C (the corresponding figure for ethyl alcohol is 0.789), and the percentage of methyl alcohol present in a methyl alcohol-water solution may be determined from the density of the sample.

World Health Organization (WHO)

Methanol has been subjected to abuse by consumption as a substitute for ethanol. Its toxic metabolites cause irreversible blindness and severe metabolic acidosis, and are ultimately fatal. Methanol continues to be used as an industrial solvent.

일반 설명

A colorless fairly volatile liquid with a faintly sweet pungent odor like that of ethyl alcohol. Completely mixes with water. The vapors are slightly heavier than air and may travel some distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Any accumulation of vapors in confined spaces, such as buildings or sewers, may explode if ignited. Used to make chemicals, to remove water from automotive and aviation fuels, as a solvent for paints and plastics, and as an ingredient in a wide variety of products.

반응 프로필

Methanol reacts violently with acetyl bromide [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixtures with concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated hydrogen peroxide can cause explosions. Reacts with hypochlorous acid either in water solution or mixed water/carbon tetrachloride solution to give methyl hypochlorite, which decomposes in the cold and may explode on exposure to sunlight or heat. Gives the same product with chlorine. Can react explosively with isocyanates under basic conditions. The presence of an inert solvent mitigates this reaction [Wischmeyer 1969]. A violent exothermic reaction occurred between methyl alcohol and bromine in a mixing cylinder [MCA Case History 1863. 1972]. A flask of anhydrous lead perchlorate dissolved in Methanol exploded when Methanol was disturbed [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 52:2391. 1930]. P4O6 reacts violently with Methanol. (Thorpe, T. E. et al., J. Chem. Soc., 1890, 57, 569-573). Ethanol or Methanol can ignite on contact with a platinum-black catalyst. (Urben 1794).

위험도

Flammable, dangerous fire risk. Explosive limits in air 6–36.5% by volume. Toxic by ingestion (causes blindness). Headache, eye damage, dizziness, and nausea.

건강위험

The acute toxicity of methanol by ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact is low. Ingestion of methanol or inhalation of high concentrations can produce headache, drowsiness, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, blindness, and death. In humans, 60 to 250 mL is reported to be a lethal dose. Prolonged or repeated skin contact can cause irritation and inflammation; methanol can be absorbed through the skin in toxic amounts. Contact of methanol with the eyes can cause irritation and burns. Methanol is not considered to have adequate warning properties.
Methanol has not been found to be carcinogenic in humans. Information available is insufficient to characterize the reproductive hazard presented by methanol. In animal tests, the compound produced developmental effects only at levels that were maternally toxic; hence, it is not considered to be a highly significant hazard to the fetus. Tests in bacterial or mammalian cell cultures demonstrate no mutagenic activity

화재위험

Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode.

인화성 및 폭발성

Methanol is a flammable liquid (NFPA rating = 3) that burns with an invisible flame in daylight; its vapor can travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and "flash back." Methanol-water mixtures will burn unless very dilute. Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for methanol fires.

화학 반응

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization:Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

저장

Methanol should be used only in areas free of ignition sources, and quantities greater than 1 liter should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers.

운송 방법

UN1230 Methanol, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous material. (International)

비 호환성

Methanol reacts violently with strong oxidizers, causing a fire and explosion hazard.

폐기물 처리

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration

메틸알콜 준비 용품 및 원자재

원자재

준비 용품

메틸알콜 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Hebei Duling International Trade Co. LTD	+8618032673083	sales05@hbduling.cn	China	15745	58
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd	+8613288715578	sales@hbmojin.com	China	12456	58
ARCTIC EXPORTS INC	+1-3026880818 +1-3026880818	ARCTICEXPORTSINC@GMAIL.COM	Canada	68	58
Henan Fengda Chemical Co., Ltd	+86-371-86557731 +86-13613820652	info@fdachem.com	China	7845	58
Hunan aslsen technology co.,ltd	+8619313031929	aslsd@aslsen.com	China	128	58
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co.,Ltd.	+86-0371-55170693 +86-19937530512	info@tianfuchem.com	China	21691	55
Shanghai Time Chemicals CO., Ltd.	+86-021-57951555 +8617317452075	jack.li@time-chemicals.com	China	1807	55
Shanxi Naipu Import and Export Co.,Ltd	+86-13734021967 +8613734021967	kaia@neputrading.com	China	1011	58
career henan chemical co	+86-0371-86658258	sales@coreychem.com	China	29914	58
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co.,Ltd.	18871490254	linda@hubeijusheng.com	CHINA	28180	58

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