Amodiaquine C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Amodiaquine is a prodrug form of the antimalarial compound N-desethyl amodiaquine . It is active against several strains of
P. falciparum in vitro (EC
50s = 0.23-0.52 nM) and exhibits a synergistic effect when used in combination with N-desethyl amodiaquine. Amodiaquine dose-dependently inhibits development of parasitemia in a mouse model of
P. berghei infection.
화학적 성질
Cyrstalline Solid
용도
An antimalarial
정의
ChEBI: A quinoline having a chloro group at the 7-position and an aryl amino group at the 4-position.
Indications
Amodiaquine (Camoquin) is another 4-aminoquinoline
derivative whose antimalarial spectrum and adverse reactions
are similar to those of chloroquine, although
chloroquine-resistant parasites may not be amodiaquine-
resistant to the same degree. Prolonged treatment
with amodiaquine may result in pigmentation of
the palate, nail beds, and skin. There is a 1:2000 risk of
agranulocytosis and hepatocellular dysfunction when
the drug is used prophylactically.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Amodiaquine, an antimalarial agent related to chloroquine, was
introduced over 40 years ago for the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria. The
drug was voluntarily withdrawn in the United Kingdom in 1975 for commercial
reasons but was subsequently reintroduced in 1985 to meet the medical demand
for an antimalarial drug to deal with the rapid spread of chloroquine-resistant
falciparum malaria in Asia and Africa. By 1986 a significant number of cases of
agranulocytosis associated with prophylactic use, some of which were fatal, had
been reported there and it has been estimated that the frequency of this risk is of
the order of 1:2,000. Although most cases occurred when amodiaquine had been
used in combination with other antimalarials, the major manufacturer decided to
withdraw the prophylactic indication worldwide following discussions with experts.
Preparations remain available for the treatment of acute attacks of malaria which
involves only a short period of exposure to the drug.
(Reference: (WHODI) WHO Drug Information, 1, 5, 1987)
Pharmaceutical Applications
A mono-Mannich-base 4-aminoquinoline, formulated
as the dihydrochloride dihydrate or free base for oral
administration.
It is active against P. falciparum and P. vivax and is more
active than chloroquine for the treatment of uncomplicated P.
falciparum malaria. Chloroquine-resistant strains may remain
susceptible, but resistance to amodiaquine is also spreading
in some regions of Africa. The pharmacological properties are
similar to those of chloroquine. The terminal elimination halflife
is 1–3 weeks. It is rapidly and extensively metabolized to the
desethyl derivative which has reduced antiplasmodial activity.
Prophylactic use has been abandoned because of agranulocytosis
and hepatotoxicity due to formation of a quinoneimine
metabolite.
A fixed dose combination with artesunate and derivatives
(for example, isoquine) with altered metabolism and reduced
toxicity is in development.
Clinical Use
Mechanistically, it is very similar to chloroquine and does nothave any advantages over the other 4-aminoquinoline drugs.When used for prophylaxis of malaria, it had a higher incidenceof hepatitis and agranulocytosis than that was chloroquine.There is evidence that the hydroquinone (phenol)amine system readily oxidizes to a quinone imine either autoxidatively and/or metabolically, and this productmay contribute to amodiaquine’s toxicity.
Purification Methods
Amodiaquin crystallises from 2-ethoxyethanol or EtOH. [Burckhalter et al. J Am Chem Soc 70 1363 1948, Beilstein 22 III/IV 4647.]
Amodiaquine 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
