Phorat (ISO) Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE BIS GELBE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung unter Einfluss von Hitze unter Bildung von Phosphoroxid-und Schwefeloxidrauchen.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 0.05 mg/m?(als TWA); Hautresorption; Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2008).
MAK nicht festgelegt.
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Schnelle Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation, über die Haut, die Augen und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt langsam eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft ein; viel schneller jedoch beim Versprühen oder Dispergieren.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem mit nachfolgender Cholinesterasehemmung. Exposition kann zum Tod führen. ärztliche Beobachtung notwendig. Die Auswirkungen treten u.U. verzögert ein.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Cholinesterasehemmer. Kumulative Wirkung möglich (s. AKUTE GEFAHREN/SYMPTOME).
LECKAGE
Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Gasdichter Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R27/28:Sehr giftig bei Berührung mit der Haut und beim Verschlucken.
R50/53:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen, kann in Gewässern längerfristig schädliche Wirkungen haben.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S28:Bei Berührung mit der Haut sofort abwaschen mit viel . . . (vom Hersteller anzugeben).
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Phorate is a colorless
oil. The water solubility is 50 mg/L (25 ?C). It is miscible with
common organic solvents. Log Kow = 3.92. Phorate is
relatively unstable to hydrolysis in aqueous media; DT
50
values at pH 7 and 9 are 3.2 and 3.9 d, respectively.
Phorate is effective against sucking plant pests as a
systemic insecticide-acaricide and also has good contact
and vapor actions. It is usually formulated as granules.
The acute oral LD
50 for rats is 1.6–3.7 mg/kg. Inhalation
LC50 (1 h) for rats is 0.06–0.011 mg/L air. ADI is 0.5 μg/kg b.w.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Phorate is a clear mobile liquid with a skunk-like odor
Verwenden
Phorate is a non-biocumulative organophosphate used as an insecticide and acaricide. Phorate is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Clear liquid with an objectionable odor. Used as an insecticide and acaricide; Phorate is applied to plants and soil.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Phorate is incompatible with the following: Water, alkalis [Note: Hydrolyzed in the presence of moisture and by alkalis.] .
Reaktivität anzeigen
Organothiophosphates, such as Phorate, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
Health Hazard
Phorate is one of the more toxic organophosphorus insecticides. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that acts on the nervous system, and produces toxicity similar to Parathion. The probable oral lethal dose for humans is less than 5 mg/kg, i.e. a taste (less than 7 drops) for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person.
Brandgefahr
Shock can shatter containers, releasing the contents. When heated to decomposition, toxic fumes of sulfur oxides, phosphorus oxides, and nitrogen oxides are emitted. Hydrolyzed in water and alkalies.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Insecticide, Acaricide, Nematicide: Phorate is an organophosphorus insecticide and
acaricide used to control a wide variety of sucking and
chewing insects, leafhoppers, leafminers, mites, somenematodes, and rootworms. It is used on many crops, including
root and field crops such as corn, cotton, coffee,
potatoes, sugar beets, beans, peanuts, wheat, some ornamental
and herbaceous plants, and bulb. In the U.S., 80%
of the annual use of phorate is applied to corn, potatoes
and cotton. It is available in granular and emulsifiable
concentrate formulations. Phorate has been shown to be
responsible for a large number of bird kills and it is extremely
toxic to mammals. Not approved for use in EU
countries. A U.S. EPA restricted Use Pesticide (RUP).
U.S. Maximum Allowable Residue Levels for Phorate (40
CFR 180.206): bean 0.1 ppm; beet, sugar, roots 0.3 ppm;
beet, sugar, tops 3 ppm; coffee, bean 0.02 ppm; corn, forage
0.5 ppm; corn, grain 0.1 ppm; corn, sweet, kernel plus
0.1 ppm; cob with husks removed ppm; cotton, undelinted
seed 0.05 ppm; hop 0.5 ppm; peanut 0.1 ppm; potato
0.5 ppm; sorghum, grain, grain 0.1 ppm; sorghum, grain,
stover 0.1 ppm; soybean 0.1 ppm; sugarcane, cane 0.1 ppm;
wheat, grain 0.05 ppm; wheat, hay 1.5 ppm; wheat, straw
0.05 ppm.
Handelsname
AASTAR®[C]; AC 3911®; AGRIMET®;
AMERICAN CYANAMID 3,911®; EL 3911®;
EXPERIMENTAL INSECTICIDE 3911®; GEOMET®;
GRAMTOX®; GRANUTOX®; L 11/6®; METAPHOR®;
PHORATE-10G®; PHORIL®; RAMPART®;
TERRACLOR®; TERRATHION GRANULES®;
THIMENOX®; THIMET®; THEMET®; UMET®;
VEGFRU®; VERGFRU FORATOX®
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by ingestion and sh contact routes. Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A cholinesterase irhbitor. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx and SOx. See also PARATHION
mögliche Exposition
Those engaged in the manufacture, formulation and application of this systemic and contact insecticide and acaricide. It is also used as a soil insecticide.
Carcinogenicity
When dogs were given phorate
via capsules at doses of 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.25 mg/kg/day
for 1 year, slight body tremors, marginal inhibition of body
weight gain, and RBC and brain cholinesterase inhibition
occurred in males given 0.25 mg/kg/day .
No evidence of carcinogenicity occurred in rats given
diets that contained 0, 1, 3, or 6 ppm phorate (equal to about
0, 0.05, 0.15, or 0.3 mg/kg/day) for 2 years .
Erythrocyte and brain cholinesterase inhibition occurred at
exposures of 3 and 6 ppm. No evidence of carcinogenicity
or other adverse effects occurred in mice given diets that
contained 0, 1, 3, or 6 ppm phorate (equal to about 0, 0.15,
0.45, and 0.9 mg/kg/day) for 78 weeks, other than a slight
decrease in body weight gain in females that were fed
6 ppm .
Stoffwechselwegen
Phorate is metabolised by an analogous route to that of disulfoton. The
principal route of phorate metabolism in all media is activation via
oxidation of the thioether group to the sulfoxide (rapid) and sulfone
(slower). Thioether oxidation occurs preferentially to oxidative desulfuration
of the P=S group to the oxon, which is usually only present in
trace amounts, and there is good evidence that the sulfoxide and sulfone
oxons arise via phorate sulfoxide and sulfone rather than phorate oxon.
The more polar thiooxidised metabolites are translocated in plants and
are responsible for the compound’s systemic action. Of all phorate’s
metabolites, phorate oxon sulfone is the most active inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase
(Bowman and Casida, 1957). Degradative metabolism
occurs via oxidative dealkylation of the phosphorodithioate group or
hydrolysis of the oxon.
Stoffwechsel
The metabolic routes of phorate are essentially the
same in plants, animals, and soils, involving the oxidation
of the sulfide group into the sulfoxide then sulfone,
and oxidative desulfuration to the corresponding
oxons, followed by hydrolysis to diethyl hydrogen phosphorodithioate,
phosphorothioate, and phosphate. Phorate
protects plants for a relatively long time because of the
persistency of the sulfoxide metabolite in plants and in
soils. DT
50 in soil is 2–14 d.
Versand/Shipping
UN3018 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. UN2783 Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, toxic, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous material. UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
Inkompatibilitäten
Water, alkalis. Hydrolyzed in the presence of moisture and by alkalis; may produce toxic oxides of phosphorus and sulfur. Strong oxidizers may cause release of toxic phosphorus oxides. Organophosphates, in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides, may form highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas. Keep away from alkaline materials.
Waste disposal
In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office. Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Phorat (ISO) Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
