グルテチミド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
効能
催眠鎮静薬
化学的特性
White, crystalline powder.Saturated solution is slightly acid.
Freely soluble in acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform; soluble in ethanol and methanol; practically
insoluble in water.
使用
Sedative-hypnotic.
世界保健機関（WHO）
Glutethimide, a piperidine derivative, was introduced in 1955 for
use as a sedative-hypnotic drug. Its addiction liability and severity of withdrawal
symptoms are equal to those of the barbiturates and it is controlled under
Schedule III of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
(Reference: (UNCPS3) United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances (III),
, , 1971)
一般的な説明
Glutethimide, 2-ethyl-2-phenylglutarimide(Doriden), is one of the most active nonbarbituratehypnotics that is structurally similar to the barbiturates,especially phenobarbital. Because of glutethimide’s lowaqueous solubility, its dissolution and absorption from theGI track is somewhat erratic. Consistent with its highlipophilicity, it undergoes extensive oxidative metabolismin the liver with a half-life of approximately 10 hours.Glutethimide is used as a racemic mixture with the (+)enantiomer being primarily metabolized on the glutarimidering and the (—) enantiomer on the phenyl ring. The productof metabolic detoxification is excreted after conjugationwith glucuronic acid at the hydroxyl group. The drug is anenzyme inducer. In the therapeutic dosage range, adverse effectstend to be infrequent. Toxic effects in overdose are assevere as, and possibly more troublesome than, those of thebarbiturates.
危険性
Manufacture and use controlled by law.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion and
intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by
ingestion: pupillary dilation, ataxia, somnolence,
coma, and blood pressure depression. An
experimental teratogen. Other experimental
reproductive effects. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.
Caution: May be habit forming. This is a controlled
substance (depressant) listed in the US. Code of
Federal Regulations, Title 21 Part 1308.13 (1985)
純化方法
Crystallise glutethimide from diethyl ether or ethyl acetate/pet ether. It has m 91-92o (from aqueous EtOH), 87-87.5o (from Et2O/pet ether), 84-87o (from isopropanol), and 83-84o (from Et2O). [Penprase & Biles J Am Pharm Assoc 47 523 1958, Hofmann et al. Helv Chim Acta 40 387, 393 1957, Beilstein 21 III/IV 5493.] The R(+)-enantomer crystallises from EtOAc/pet ether with m 103-104o, and [ ] 20+184o (c 1,
グルテチミド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品